An assignment to Algeria offers an opportunity to live and work in the second largest country on the African continent; a country known for its vast natural gas and oil reserves, its beautiful architecture and landscapes, its rich heritage, and the independent spirit of its people.

As the United States has maintained friendly relations with Algeria throughout the political upheavals of recent years, private foreign investment is welcomed by the Government of Algeria, and the country continues to seek out stronger economic and political ties with the United States. Algeria has been a stalwart, vocal supporter of the global war on terrorism and its cooperation with the U.S. continues to increase. The USG works closely with Algeria tops $4.5 billion, primarily in hydrocarbons, and the U.S. companies are involved in key sectors, including banking/finance, tourism, consumer goods, and services.

It is an exciting time to serve in Algeria. A time during which American Embassy employees are present and engaged in the redevelopment of Algerian civil society and can witness the country's democratic development as it occurs.

The Host Country

Area, Geography, and Climate Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:43 AM

AREA AND GEOGRAPHY:

Algeria, the second largest Arab/African country after Sudan, is nearly one-third the size of the continental U.S.

It is situated opposite Majorca on the Mediterranean coast of Africa about midway between Tangier and Tunis. Algeria borders six countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania) plus the Western Sahara region, which is under Moroccan administration, making Algeria a geopolitically important location. By air, Algiers is forty-five minutes from Barcelona.

Algeria's geography is one of contrast, with mountainous, fertile terrain to the north and a great expanse of arid desert to the south. Ninety percent of the population live on the fertile coastal strip, the "Tell," that extends about 50 miles inland and stretches about 950 miles from the Moroccan border in the west to the Tunisian border in the east. Algiers, Oran, and Annaba, Algeria's most important economic centers, are located in this area along the coast.

South of this coastal plain rise the Tellian Atlas mountains, including the beautifully rugged hills and mountains of the Kabylie and, further beyond, the Aures. Behind the mountains lies the high plateau, a semiarid rangeland where farmers cultivate grains in the former breadbasket of the Roman empire. Beyond, about 200 miles inland, are the dry Saharan Atlas mountains and then the vast Sahara Desert, which comprises 90% of the country's land area.

The countries of the West African Sahel lie to Algeria's south. Oil and gas fields are seemingly scattered everywhere across Algeria's surface, with concentrations in Hassi R'Mel, Hassi Messaoud, and near the border with Libya. Mines rich in mineral wealth are located in the south and west. The tourist destinations of Timimoun, Tamanrasset, and Djanet lie deep to the south.

From the sea, Algiers is a spectacular sight, rising sharply from the port area and business district to the residential areas along tree-covered hills. In sunlight, the white buildings of "Alger la Blanche" gleam against the blue Mediterranean below and the green pines above. The topography is challenging, with steep hills, high hilltops, and small valleys dividing the city into its constituent neighborhoods.

Architecturally, the city is European with a strong Mediterranean flavor. The Casbah (or "Qasbah." meaning "the citadel") is the congested quarter in the heart of the old city, containing most of what remains of the Turkish city and palace of the 16th-18th centuries.

Characteristic of modern Algiers are the many crowded apartment buildings with their scenic views of the city and the sea. Among the many mosques are a few dating from the 17th century and others that were originally constructed as churches by the French. Traffic, especially during morning, mid-day, and evening rush hours, is very heavy and often frustrating, and is getting worse with the availability of consumer auto credit.

CLIMATE:

Algiers' Mediterranean climate resembles California. The summer is longer (May through October) and sometimes hotter than in Washington, D.C., but generally less humid. Air pollution is relatively low, but allergens can be a problem.- Coastal areas, including Algiers, are hot in summer and chilly and rainy for several months in winter. Inland mountain regions between the coast and the desert have cooler weather; temperatures are below freezing for long periods of winter. Spring and fall in the Tell (where the average annual rainfall is 16 inches or more, making it suitable for agriculture) are mild and enjoyable.

The Tell and the Sahara have opposite but equally extreme climates. The Tell is very cold in winter and very hot in summer. Daytime temperatures in the Sahara warm in winter and hot in late spring, summer, and early fall). Nighttime in the Sahara is cold year round.

Algiers has four distinct seasons, with temperature variations ranging normally between 40-110 degrees Fahrenheit (or 4-43 degrees Celsius). It tends to be extremely hot during the month of August, and some winters can be cold and rainy. The rainy season spans about five months, but water shortages and even severe droughts have hit parts of the country in recent years. Western Algeria has seen severe drought for several years. Algeria experienced its first significant snowfall in decades in January 2005. In general, however, the weather is quite pleasant.

Population Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:44 AM

A majority of Algeria's population falls into two ethnics groups, Arab and Berber, with additional populations of Turkish and West African (in the Sahara) origin. Many Algerians are a mixture of Arab and Berber. As of January 2005, the population is estimated at 32.6 million and is expected to increase to 33.2 million by January 2006. The population is 99 % Muslim with a majority in the Sunni sect of Islam. The remaining 1% of the population is Catholic and Jewish. The principal languages are Arabic and French, although only Arabic has status as official language. The Berber language, Tamazight, achieved status as "national language" in 2004. French is still widely used for official and business purposes despite the strong program of Arabization. Few people speak English.

Algeria’s population growth rate in 2004 was 1.52%, down from 2.3% in 1996. At least 70% of the population is under age 30. Although Algeria is a Muslim male-dominated society, women participate actively in Algerian economic, political and social life. The passage of the family-code revisions eased some of the restrictions women faced with regard to marriage. Five Minister or Minister-Delegate positions are held by women, and there are female deputes in parliament. In addition, many women are appointed at key posts in public institutions and organizations. The number of women running their own businesses is also growing. The traditional veil and “haïk,” a white wrap-around silk or nylon cover robe, tends to be replaced by more modern and western clothes particularly in big cities. Many women wear a “hidjab” (or djilbab), a practice stemming from Middle East influence. Algeria's cultural opening to the rest of the world makes it easier today for Americans to establish relationships with Algerians.

Algiers, the capital of Algeria, is one of Africa's largest urban areas. Originally planned for 750,000 people, it now teems with almost three million inhabitants.

Approximately 1,000 Americans reside throughout Algeria and are principally employed in the hydrocarbon sector, working primarily in Algiers and Hassi Messaoud.

Public Institutions Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:39 AM

Algeria’s parliament is bicameral consisting of the National People’s Assembly with 389 members (changed from 380 after the 2002 elections) who are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, and the Council of the Nation with 144 members, one-third of which are appointed by the president and two-thirds indirectly elected by the 48 wilayates (provinces) councils to represent their state. Members of the Council serve six-year terms and the Constitution requires half of the Council to be renewed every three years. Algeria’s judicial system is based on its French colonial system and has a Supreme Court located in Algiers; three courts of appeal; special criminal courts for economic crimes against the state, located in Algiers, Oran, and Constantine; justices of the peace; and commercial courts in cities and townships throughout the country. The Supreme Court serves as both the highest appellate court and as the Council of State. Since 1992, when the terrorist insurgency began, the powers of the military courts were expanded to handle cases of terrorism and currently continue to handle such cases. The president of the republic is popularly elected and can, according to the Constitution, serve two five-year terms. He appoints both the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers, and may dissolve the legislature. Presidential elections were last held on 8 April 2004 and are next due to be held in 2009. The government’s security apparatus is composed of the Army, Air Force, Navy, the national gendarmerie, the national police, communal guards (a local police), and local self-defense forces. All of these elements are involved in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations. At the local level, decentralization efforts have been most successful in the provincial administration of the 48 wilayates, or provinces, each governed by a wali, or provincial governor, and assisted by an elected executive council. A wilaya is comprised of daïras, or counties. Each town has an elected municipal assembly headed by a president. The government has increasingly given more independence to the local governments since the 1989 and 1996 constitutional revisions.

Political Environment

After gaining independence in 1962, Algeria had a single-party state dominated by the National Liberation Front (FLN) and supported by the army and bureaucracy. By 1988, widespread dissatisfaction with the austerity measures necessitated by moves toward a market economy introduced by President Chadli Bendjedid, disillusionment with the FLN grew and eventually resulted in rioting. A year later, the Constitution was revised, opening up the political space to other parties and making Algeria a multi-party republic. However, the process towards democratization was suspended in 1992 when the Army forced the President to resign, canceled the second round of parliamentary elections which the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) was poised to win, installed a ruling 5-man High State Committee, and banned the FIS, jailing many of its leaders. In February 2002, a state of emergency was implemented. The same year the High State Committee was installed and headed by President Mohamed Boudiaf, who had returned to Algeria after a long period of exile. President Boudiaf was assinated the same year in the city of Annaba.

The cancellation of the elections in 1992 escalated fighting between the security forces and armed Islamit groups seeking to overthrow the government and impose an Islamic state. The High State Committee was dissolved in 1994 and the Army established the same year a transition government, which was headed by a former general, Liamine Zeroual. Zeroual was formally elected in November 1995 to a 5-year term as president. The presidential election was competitive. Three opposition candidates had some access to state-controlled television and radio and also received heavy coverage in the independent press. Zeroual received 61 percent of the vote according to government figures; losing candidates claimed that there were instances of fraud, but did not contest the Zeroual’s victory. In June 1997 Algeria held the first legislative elections since January 1992.

In May 1996, President Zeroual with the aid of legal opposition parties began a review on how to develop a political system. Zeroual’s ideas included amending the Constitution to define acceptable political practices and establishing a second parliamentary chamber called the Council of the Nation (a senate). The President also insisted that the electoral and political party laws be changed. In September, several important opposition political parties joined with the President to sign a national charter encompassing these ideas. In November the government obtained approval through a flawed popular referendum to change the Constitution, including the provision for a second parliamentary chamber and greater presidential authority. The new Constitution forbade political parties to be created on religious or regional basis.

In 1998, President Zeroual announced that he was going to shorten his term and organize presidential elections for the year to come.

Former Foreign Minister Abdelaziz Bouteflika became Algeria’s seventh President in the presidential elections of 1999. Bouteflika was elected with over 70 percent of the vote, after the six other opposing candidates withdrew on the eve of the election citing electoral fraud. One of Bouteflika’s first executive decisions was the controversial “civil concord” that granted amnesty to thousands of AIS (Islamic Salvation Army) members who “did not have blood on their hands”. This amnesty returned some areas of Algeria to relative peace. In May 2002, legislative and local elections took place, won predominately by the FLN. At the National Popular Assembly, the FLN won 199 seats out of the existing 386.

In May 2003, President Bouteflika dismissed Prime Minister Ali Benflis and appointed Ahmed Ouyahia, Secretary General of the RND as his successor. Elections for the Council of the Nation (senate) took place in December 2003, giving the RND the majority. The Islamic party Islah gained six (6) seats.

In April 2004, President Bouteflika was reelected for a five year mandate with 84,99% of the vote .

The government’s human rights performance improved in 2004. The level of violence between terrorists and security forces has drastically decreased since its peak in 1994, and as a result the incidence and severity of torture has declined. In 2004, no reports of new “disappearances” implicating the security forces occurred. The government also established an “Ad Hoc Mechanism” that functions as an interface between the families of the disappeared and the government. In March 2005, the Family Code was amended granting additional civil rights to women. The legislature also passed in January 2004 an electoral reform law to eliminate the questionable practice of voting in the barracks by security forces.

Diplomatic relations with the U.S. were restored in 1974. While relations were initially strained, they gradually improved due to the role played in 1979 by then-President Bendjedid in negotiating the release of American hostages in Iran. The official U.S. presence was reduced during the civil conflict and terrorist attacks in the 1990s. Since then, an improved security environment, cooperation on counter-terrorism, growing economic ties, and regional diplomacy have contributed to improved relations. In July 2001, President Bouteflika became the first Algerian president to visit the White House since 1985. Secretary of State Colin Powell paid a visit to Algeria in December 2003.

Algerian-European Union relations continue to increase, due to economic interests. In 2001, the EU and Algeria signed a comprehensive framework called the Association Agreement outlining the elements for: a free trade area that uses WTO guidelines; social and cultural cooperation; and a political/economic dialogue. Although French relations have gone through periodic ups and downs, a Friendship Treaty is due to be signed before the end of 2005. Ties with France cover an extremely broad spectrum. Approximately 800,000 Algerians live and work in France. About 77 countries maintain resident diplomatic missions in Algiers.

Arts, Science, and Education Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:46 AM

RECOMMENDED READING

Alf, Andrew Heggon. Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Algeria. Indiana University Press: Bloomington, IN, 1972.

Algeria. Les Guides Bleus: Hachett, Paris, 1974.

Algeria. Nagel: Geneva, 1971.

Area Handbook for Algeria. Foreign Area Studies, American University. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1979.

Horne, Alistair. Savage War of Peace. MacMillsan Ltd: Great Britain, 1977. Viking Press: New York, 1978. Penguin Books, Ltd.: United Kingdom and New York, 1979. (This book is the best introduction.)

Humbaraci, Arslan. Algeria: A Revolution That Failed. Pall Mall Press, Ltd: London, 1966.

Kraft, Joseph. Struggle for Algeria. Doubleday: New York, 1961.

M'rabet, Fadila. Las Femme Algerienne. Maspero, 1964.

Quandt, William. Revolution & Political Leadership. Algeria 1954–1968, M.I.T. Press: Cambridge, MA, 1969.

Quandt, William. Between Ballots and Bullets: Algeria’s Transition From Authoritarianism. Brookings Institution Press: Washington, D.C., 1998.

Gillo Pontecorvo. The Battle of Algiers. Produced and directed by Gillo Pontecorvo. 120 min. 1966. Videocassette.

Commerce and Industry Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:43 AM

After several years of slow growth and after 10 years of security difficulties, the Algerian economy began to grow significantly in 2001. The engine of this growth remains the hydrocarbons sector, which has benefited from high oil prices. Agriculture, another growth sector, has benefited in many parts of the country from expanded irrigation and higher rates of rainfall in recent years. Construction and services are also sectors that are poised for growth largely due to Algeria's pending WTO accession and the Algerian government's $55 billion, 5-year infrastructure spending plan announced in 2004. However, other sectors of the economy, especially industry, have lagged behind. Development of heavy industry and small and medium enterprises has been slow in the wake of stabilization policies and structural reforms undertaken in 1994 and 1995 in conjunction with programs backed by the IMF and World Bank. Algeria continues to struggle with the move from a centrally planned to a market oriented economy. The government is seeking to modernize Algeria’s financial system in a first phase by privatizing three state-owned banks. Uncompetitive and unprofitable state enterprises constituted the bulk of the industrial sector. In late 2004, the government announced the privatization of 1,200 state-owned enterprises that would be bought out by foreign firms or liquidated completely. The state-owned petroleum sector’s output represented about a quarter of national income and about 97 percent of export earnings in 2004.

Algeria is a middle-income country whose annual per capita income is about $2,620 (January 2005). Unemployment is still significant and disproportionately affects young people. However, rates have been continuously decreasing from 30% in 2000 to 17.7% in 2004. Many people still make a living from street peddling or what is called in Algeria “trabendo”, i.e. the underground economy, which accounts for an unknown but large percentage of market activity.

Algeria, whose territory is one-third the size of the U.S., has devoted significant resources to expanding and modernizing the transport and telecommunications sectors since the 1970s, but with mixed results due to poor management and resource allocation. Today the government emphasizes infrastructure development with private partners and foreign investors.

Communications

Telephones and Telecommunications Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:46 AM

Local and international telephone service is generally adequate, but it is sometimes difficult to get calls through to the U.S. Although international calls are expensive (90 AD which is about $1.23 per minute to the U.S.), direct dialing is available to most countries, including the U.S. All residences on the embassy compound are equipped with a touch-tone telephone, and all are extensions of the main Embassy numbers and have access to the International Voice Gateway (IVG). New arrivals may wish to bring a rechargeable, pre-paid U.S. phone card for long distance phone calls. Calling card calls to the U.S. made via the IVG do not incur international rates.

Wireless Service Last Updated: 5/3/2004 10:24 AM TELEPHONES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS:

Local and international telephone service is generally adequate, but it is sometimes difficult to get calls through to the U.S. Although international calls are expensive (90 AD which is about $1.30 per minute to the U.S.), direct dialing is available to most countries, including the U.S. All Embassy residences have phones, and all are extensions of the main Embassy numbers. New arrivals may wish to bring a rechargeable, pre-paid U.S. phone card.

Internet Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:45 AM

All residences on the embassy compound are equipped with one high-speed Internet connection that is provided free of charge. In order to connect to the Internet, your computer must be equipped with a network adapter that includes an RJ-45 jack.

Mail and Pouch Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:46 AM

International airmail from the U.S. takes 7–12 days. Mail sent via the Algerian postal service may take up to 30 days to reach the U.S. Parcel post service is irregular because the U.S. does not have a parcel agreement with Algeria. Once a parcel is received, lengthy customs delays may be experienced, even for diplomatically accredited individuals. The address for international mail is:

(Name) Ambassade des Etats-Unis d’Amérique 4, Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-lbrahimi 16000 Alger, Algérie

Employees use the Department of State pouch facilities to receive most items. Postage is paid at applicable domestic rates. Packages cannot weigh more than 50 pounds or be larger than 17x18x32. Insured and registered personal items are not usually accepted for pouch mail and are normally returned to the sender. Air pouch takes about 14 days. Mail for diplomatic pouch items should be addressed:

(Name) 6030 Algiers Place, Dulles, VA 20189-6030

Employees may send letters, film, and recording tapes from Algiers. U.S. customs regulations prohibit sending packages via pouch to the U.S. The only exceptions are goods received from catalogs that are unsatisfactory and need to be returned to the sender. Letter mail sent by pouch to addresses in the U.S. must carry postage at the mailing rates from Washington, D.C. Postage stamps are not available at post, so post recommends that all new arrivals bring an adequate supply with them. Alternatively, stamps may be purchased from the U.S. Postal Service website (www.usps.com) and sent to post via unclassified pouch, using the aforementioned 6030 Algiers Place address. Mail pouches are dispatched two times a week, and require 14 days to reach Washington, D.C.

Radio and TV Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:45 AM

Medium-wave and long-wave radios can receive French language programs from Radio Television Algerienne, Radio Diffusion Française, Europe No. 1, Monte Carlo, the Voice of America (evenings only), the BBC, and Moroccan-based Medi 1. Reception of foreign short-wave broadcasts varies with the season, but BBC can be received clearly, as can Armed Forces Radio and Television Service broadcasts.

Employees sent to post with a restricted HHE allowance are provided with a multi-system TV and VCR. Algerian television uses the PAL system, so U.S. (NTSC) receivers will not work in Algeria.

All of the residences on the embassy compound receive AFN TV programming from the U.S. This programming is provided at no cost to all residents. CNN, BBC World, Fox News Channel, and ESPN are among the programming choices, in addition to a 24-hour movie channel and a variety of offerings from NBC, ABC, CBS, and FOX.

Algerian television broadcasts between 7 a.m. and 1 a.m. daily. Many movies and the late-night newscasts are in French. Arabic programming (sometimes dubbed American films) is the general rule.

Newspapers, Magazines, and Technical Journals Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:51 AM

The newspapers, magazines, and books available on the local economy are written in either French or Arabic. There are more than 30 daily French-and-Arabic-language daily newspapers that, together, compose one of the most free print media corps in North Africa and the Middle East. However, the professionalism and accountability of journalists for the stories they report has recently caused strong confrontations between the government and the Algerian print media.

The most prominent newspapers with the largest circulations are available on-line and Post's Public Diplomacy Section provides a daily media report and electronic news feed for Embassy employees and contacts who request articles and summaries of local news in English.

Residents hold magazine subscriptions from the U.S., as they cannot be found in local newsstands.

The American community has a large collection of books, and the DATT has a selection of movies on VHS videotapes.

Health and Medicine

Medical Facilities Last Updated: 7/3/2005 11:10 AM

The Embassy has a full-time local physician, and in addition, Algiers has many adequate medical facilities. Several physicians and dentists are used by American for routine care. Post has a special agreement to use the Algerian Military Hospital for more complex cases, such as emergencies. Local private clinics are used for minor medical cases, orthopedic and dental care, etc...However few Algerian doctors speak English. If a situation arises which requires major surgery or intensive care, the Health Unit staff, in consultation with the Regional Medical Officer (RMO) or the Regional Psychiatrist, may decide to evacuate the patient to Algiers's medevac point, London.

Adequate laboratory facilities are available in Algiers and are used for routine tests. The Health Unit stocks some medicines and supplies for minor illnesses. Employees using a long-term or special medication should bring an adequate supply to post.

Although many medications are available on the local market and are not expensive, the same brand or dosage may not be available. Many pharmacies in the U.S. are willing to mail prescriptions to post if arrangements are made in advance. To avoid differences in diagnostic and treatment procedures, please have complete physical and dental examinations in the U.S. before coming to Algiers.

Community Health Last Updated: 7/3/2005 11:10 AM

Public health standards in Algiers are improving and garbage is collected everyday. During periods of drought, there is often a break in the water supply from the city, but each embassy residence has water reservoirs and a water purification system. City water is treated with chlorine but does not contain fluoride. The Algerian Health Ministry sponsors some preventive program for communicable diseases, waterborne diseases, tuberculosis, etc..

Preventive Measures Last Updated: 7/3/2005 11:10 AM

The occurrence of rabies cases in Algeria is sporadic, particularly in rural areas. However there are unforeseeable outbreaks of the disease. Since rabies is a contagious disease, it is strongly advised to have the three-inoculation anti-rabies series before coming to post, or on arrival. Pets must also be vaccinated against rabies. In the city, milk on the local market is controlled and pasteurized. Long-conservation milk is also available and can be kept unopened for a reasonable length of time without refrigeration. The Algerian government controls and inspects meat and then stamps it accordingly; however it should still be cooked thoroughly. Fresh fruits and vegetables that will not be cooked should be soaked and washed in chlorine water, and then rinsed in distilled water. Minor diarrhea as a result in the change of diet is common for new arrivals. Water samples are taken regularly from embassy residences in order to maintain the quality of water; however, all residences are provided with a water distiller. Bottled water is not expensive and is readily available when traveling away from home or in restaurants. A Typhoid vaccination is recommended before coming to Algiers or immediately upon arrival.

American Embassy - Algiers

Post City Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:52 AM

Algiers, capital of Algeria, is one of Africa’s largest urban areas. Originally planned for 750,000 people, it now teems with almost three million inhabitants. It is situated on the Mediterranean coast of Africa about midway between Tangier and Tunis, opposite Majorca.

From the sea, Algiers is a spectacular sight, rising sharply from the port area and business district to the residential areas along tree covered hills. In sunlight, the white buildings of “Alger la Blanche” gleam against the blue Mediterranean below and the green pines above.

Architecturally, the city is European with a strong Mediterranean flavor. The Casbah, an ancient, congested quarter in the heart of the city, contains most of what remains of the Turkish city of the 16th–18th centuries.

Characteristic of modern Algiers are the many crowded apartment buildings with their scenic views of the city and the sea. Among the many mosques are a few dating from the 17th century and others that were originally constructed as churches by the French. Traffic, especially during morning, mid-day, and evening rush hours, is very heavy and often frustrating.

Algiers’ Mediterranean climate resembles California. The summer is longer (May through October) and sometimes hotter than in Washington, D.C., but less humid. Air pollution is relatively low.

Algiers has four distinct seasons, with temperature variations ranging normally between 40–110 degrees Fahrenheit. It tends to be extremely hot during the month of August, and some winters can be cold and rainy. In general, however, the weather is quite pleasant, but mold and mildew can be a real problem.

Despite its warm summer, Algiers has what is often described as a “cold climate with a hot sun.” Winter temperatures rarely fall below freezing. Cool weather generally begins in November and lasts into March. The rainy season spans about five months.

Fewer than 500 Americans reside throughout Algeria, and are principally employed in the hydrocarbon sector, working in central and southern Algeria.

Security Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:39 AM

PHYSICAL SECURITY: Embassy Algiers is currently located on three adjacent compounds, separated by two-lane, public roads. A fourth compound contains the DAO residence and is similarly separated from the Chancery Compound. As of this writing in 2005, all US employees live and work in these areas, generally referred to as "the compound" or "the campus." In total, they cover approximately 16 acres and each is surrounded by a wall, fence or combination of the two. The Embassy is embarking on a process of "normalization" that is expected to progress step-by-step over an undetermined period, at the end of which we hope to see a fully functioning Mission with employees who have full freedom of movement within Algiers and, as the situation permits, to areas outside the capital.

2. SECURITY IN GENERAL:

Current trend lines indicate that, while areas of the countryside remain unsettled, the Government of Algeria is winning the war against terrorism. Incidents of violence have dropped markedly throughout the country, but the cities have benefited from the most noticeable progress. In the capital of Algiers, although police and security forces seem omnipresent, the policies that put them there seem to be working as acts of violence are rare and remarkable. As of this writing, American employees are permitted to travel downtown (with some, few areas remaining off-limits) where they are dropped off and allowed unescorted foot movement until they are picked up and returned to the compound at a later time. The Government of Algeria still officially maintains a State of Emergency. Currently, travel outside the city of Algiers, both official and unofficial, is possible (and encouraged), but additional security precautions are followed.

3. PRESENT CLIMATE AND POTENTIAL DANGERS:

Relations between the Government of Algeria and the U.S. are excellent. While we continue to work with the GoA to improve their civil institutions, the GoA is receptive to suggestions and our partnership is strong. Having fought and (apparently) won their own, internal, "War of Terrorism," the Algerians also have much to teach us and have proven willing to share their experiences and expertise. There remain pockets of terrorism in the country and, of course, Al Qaida and similar groups represent a global threat. In addition, criminality seems to be a growing concern in the major cities of Algeria, but is probably analogous to the threat found in almost any major city in the world.

4. FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION:

Personally owned firearms and ammunition are not permitted at this post.

The Post and Its Administration Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:53 AM

Prior to Algerian independence, the U.S. was represented at Algiers by a consul general. The Embassy was officially opened on September 29, 1962. Following the break in diplomatic relations in June 1967, the Embassy became the U.S. Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Algeria. Diplomatic relations were reestablished on November 12, 1974, .

The Embassy occupies two areas on opposite sides of Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-lbrahimi. At No. 4 are the Chancery, containing the Executive, Political, Economic, Marine Security Guard, Regional Security Office, and Defense Attaché. The Annex, next to the Chancery, houses Consular, Administrative, and Foreign Commercial Services. The General Services Office and Public Affairs offices are located across the street at No. 5 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-lbrahimi. Embassy telephone numbers are (0)21 69–12–55, 69–32–22, (0)21 69–14–25, and (0)21 69–11–86; Fax number is (0)21 69–39–79.

The Embassy has a small snack bar that sells conveniently with a limited range of every day grocery products that are impossible to find in the local market. A snack bar on the premises serves breakfasts and lunches.

The regular workweek is Saturday through Wednesday, from 8 am to 5 pm, with a one-hour break for lunch.

Housing

Temporary Quarters Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:54 AM

Permanently assigned embassy employees generally move directly to the house or apartment that will be assigned to them for their tour. There are 6 small TDY apartments located on the Oued Compound that are used to house TDY personnel on an as needed basis or permanently assigned personnel waiting to move in their quarters. In addition, there are four hotels that the embassy has approved for other TDY personnel.

Permanent Housing Last Updated: 6/28/2005 7:16 AM

The U.S. owns two residences in Algiers, the Ambassador's residence and the DCM's home. The Ambassador's residence is one of the city's finest houses, with extensive grounds and gardens, including a tennis court and swimming pools. A fine example of Moorish architecture, it was built in the 19th century and is completely furnished. The first floor, well arranged for representational functions, includes a spacious living room, formal dinning room, modern kitchen equipped for large-scale food preparation, a sitting room, inner courtyard, study, and TV room. The second and third floors contain guest suites, several smaller bedrooms, and modern baths. Laundry and storage facilities are in the basement.

The DCM's home is a large, handsome Moorish building, the core of which was built in the early 18th century. Modernized, the courtyards, gardens, and finely designed interior retain the charm of the classic Turkish style. The house has spacious facilities for entertaining, modern kitchen and baths, and five bedrooms. This residence is located on the Oued Compound, which will be the future site of the NEC.

Due to the security situation, all permanent duty personnel are housed on compound. The embassy owns the Oued and the EMR compounds but lease two others that are adjacent to these and encircled by security walls. A leased 24 unit apartment building called the American Residential Complex (ARC) in the mainstay of the housing pool and is located on the far west side of the Oued Compound. The apartments are all 2 and 3 bedroom and range in size between 130 and 185 Sq. Meters. All four of these compounds have been integrated into the embassy security system, so all employees are considered "on compound".

Furnishings Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:55 AM

All quarters are furnished with basic living room, dining room, and bedroom furniture. A television and VCR are also provided to those employees who were assigned to post with limited shipment. Cable hook up to the Armed Forces Network (AFN) is provided to all.

Appliances include refrigerator, stove, freezer (if space allows), microwave, washer, dryer and a potable water distiller. Those with limited shipment allowances will be provided basic cooking equipment and eating service for eight. GSO can help provide additional place settings for larger functions. Electricity is 220 volts, 50 Hz. although some outlets in the Ambassador's and DCM's residences are 110 volts, 50Hz. Ample transformers are provided for each residence.

Surge protectors are recommended for electronic equipment that may be sensitive to voltage fluctuations. Post recommends that all electronic equipment purchased by the employees be dual voltage and dual frequency.

Most residences are equipped with split-pack heat pumps that supply both heating and cooling. The HVAC for the ARC is a centrally located roof top unit that provides climate control for each of the apartments individually.

Utilities and Equipment Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:56 AM

WATER

Water in Algeria is generally good but because of the long distance between the water plant and Algiers' population the chlorination levels are non-existent which means that there is nothing to combat bacteria should it be introduced to the system. For this reason we do not recommend drinking the water directly from the tap. All residences have potable water distillers and most offices have access to either bottled water or distilled water for drinking. The water from the tap is good for bathing and cooking without problems. The embassy health unit draws quarterly samples for bacteriological analysis and detection.

ELECTRICITY

Electricity in Algeria is supplied by the local authority at 220 Volts, 50 Hz. The power has a tendency to fluctuate and can cause problems with electronic gear which may be sensitive to these fluctuations. Most of the electronic equipment within the embassy is connected to UPS devices, which provide temporary relief during power outages. All the buildings, including housing, have emergency generators which come on automatically grid power fails, however it is important to know that there is a delay of service for up to 10 seconds while the transfer is in process.

We highly recommend you bring surge protector(s) with you. These should be rated for incoming voltage of 220 Volts, 50 Hz, to protect your personal equipment from local voltage fluctuations and surges. All your electronic equipment, stereo, personal TV, VCR, DVD player, computer and peripherals, should have a device preceding its power supply. You should plan on having a UPS for your home computer as well.

Food Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:26 AM

Diplomatic personnel are authorized a 750 lb. consumables order on 1 year assignments; if personnel extend, they are allowed an additional 500 lb. shipment the following year. Staples can be purchased locally, but prices are higher than in the U.S. Frequent shortages occur, and the quality is often inferior to American varieties. Fresh fruit and vegetables of good quality are plentiful in and out of season. Markets carry high quality beef, chicken, lamb, fish and shrimp, but all are expensive. Eggs, butter and margarine are always available as are most dairy products such as yogurt and cheeses. Pork products are not available. Shopping is typically done in local markets in the Hydra area of Algiers or in the downtown market called Marché Closel. The markets at Hydra, although moderately well equipped, don't always carry what you need and the stock may vary from week to week. Visiting several shops may be necessary to acquire the items needed. The Closel market place is an "old style" market in a large open building with many different vendors selling a huge variety of fresh vegetables, meats, dairy products and just about all the consumable products that one could ask for.

The embassy provides limited shopping services through the General Services Office duty driver. Some items such as bread, juice, milk, soda and other simple products are available through the Snack Bar.

Food items typically brought in a consumables shipment are: Tomato sauces and pastes all forms of soups, crackers, snack food, chocolate chips, boxed mixes, canned and jarred goods consisting of all vegetable, fruits, meats and fish, syrups, peanut butter, jellies and jams, pop corn, baking powder, baking soda and a wide variety of spices.

Shopping

The current climate in Algeria allows shopping in limited areas of Algiers, but personnel is encouraged to go out. The "down town" area of Algiers provides an ample variety of leather goods, jewelry, ceramics, shoes and other clothing products. Prices are comparable to prices in the U.S. but most believe that the product quality is inferior to similar products in the same price range in the U.S.

Clothing Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:28 AM

Algerians tend to dress more modestly than Americans, so a slight modification in your wardrobe may be necessary. Usually, a wardrobe adequate for Washington, D.C. is appropriate here. Visits to the market for shopping are possible but the prices of quality items are high. You should bring a full assortment of clothing and footwear, including sports attire and bathing suits. Some dry cleaning is available, but is undependable for fine fabrics; washable clothing is preferable. Be sure to also include boots or an umbrella for the rainy season. Clothing and shoes may also be ordered from various catalogs if you find you have forgotten to bring necessary items. We had a lot of snow this past winter and warm clothes were very much appreciated.

Men Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:29 AM

Because dry cleaning is unpredictable in quality and availability, middleweight wash-and-wear suits are useful, with some lightweight suits for the summer season. Woolen suits can be worn from November to April. An all weather topcoat is also useful due to the amount of rain during the winter months. Although the climate is not considered "cold" by U.S. standards and it does not snow normally, the air can be chilling and warm clothes are necessary, especially for the mornings and evenings. Black tie is very rarely worn however for occasions such as the Marine Ball one should be considered in your shipment.

Shorts are not typically worn outside the compound by men or women and will be viewed as unacceptable attire.

Women Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:49 AM

Dress is less formal than in Washington, D.C. however suits, skirts, long and full length dresses and sweaters are normal everyday apparel for casual and workday wear.

Slacks and jeans can be worn off compound without problem. It is typical for women to cover the shoulders and upper arms while out in town. A long formal dress or gown for the Marine Corps Ball should be part of your apparel and shipment. Shawls and sweaters are useful for spring and fall evenings. Warmer cloths will be necessary for the winter months especially for the mornings and evenings.

Entertaining among Embassy personnel is casual.

Shorts are not typically worn outside the compound by men or women and will be viewed as unacceptable attire.

Children Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:30 AM

Current regulations only allow children under 4 to accompany their parents at Post.

Office Attire Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:50 AM

Suits, skirts, long and full length dresses and sweaters are normal everyday apparel for casual and workday wear. Because dry cleaning is unpredictable in quality and availability, middleweight wash-and-wear suits are useful, with some lightweight suits for the summer season. Woolen suits can be worn from November to April. An all weather topcoat is also useful due to the amount of rain during the winter months.

Supplies and Services

Supplies Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:32 AM

Very often permanent employees bring (as part of a consumables shipment) an ample supply of items such as cosmetics, shampoo, toothpaste, razors and blades, shaving cream, deodorant, home medicines, sanitary supplies, bath soap, paper towels and napkins. All of these items are widely available on the market, however if there is a particular brand or type of supply that you prefer, you may want to include it in your shipment.

Other items difficult to locate in Algiers include linens, plastic ware, shower curtains, coat hangers, English books, playing cards, etc.

Basic Services Last Updated: 7/3/2005 9:33 AM

Services available in Algiers, but not up to U.S. standards, include tailoring, dressmaking, shoe repairs, radio, TV, and other electrical appliance repair, dry cleaning, and barbers and beauty salons.

Dry cleaning services are limited and some personnel have their items delivered to a local hotel for the service because it simply is not available in town. Because it is a hotel, the service is expensive and takes longer than normal to have your items returned.

The post has a barber who comes to the compound to provide haircuts twice per week. However, most of the women at post prefer to have their haircut, permanents, etc., done on trips abroad.

Domestic Help Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:51 AM

There are several RSO cleared, adequately trained maids available to the personnel at post. Most embassy personnel employ workers for cleaning and laundering either on a part-time basis or full time basis depending on their needs. The domestic help will usually cook, even if employed part time, if asked however the cuisine will be of the local variety. Full time help is usually expected to cook and will generally do so without question. The cost for help is reasonable and usually equitable throughout the embassy staff since most people use the same few workers.

Religious Activities Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:51 AM

The predominant religion is Islam, but other religions are respected. The Embassy periodically arranges interdenominational church services, which are held at the Ambassador’s residence. The British Embassy also hosts services from time to time.

Recreation and Social Life Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:51 AM

Most entertainment is centered in the home. Participation in other Embassy or Algerian official functions is rare, though most Algerians are willing to visit employees at the Embassy compound. U.S. employees coming to Algiers should bring their own entertainment material (stereo, CD’s, cassettes). The Association has a video club with over 300 cassettes, and many employees choose to bring favorite videos with them to post. In addition, the Marines receive recent movies (8mm) which can be shown on your home TV through a video camera, and the DATT office receives VHS-format tapes.

Tennis is a popular year-round outdoor sport in Algiers. Embassy personnel can use the clay court on the Embassy compound. Bring all tennis equipment and apparel to post.

Algiers’ outdoor swimming season is extended throughout the year because the main community pool is heated. There is also a smaller pool, located at the ARC apartment building, which is not and can be used from May through September.

The compounds also contain a picnic area with BBQ pit, a horseshoe pit, basketball court, fitness gym, and a volleyball court, where matches are held weekly — often with participants from other embassies. Jogging is possible on the Embassy’s two larger compounds, but most surfaces are paved and some areas can be slippery in the wet season. Cookouts and pool parties are frequently held during summer months.

The Embassy grounds are extensive, with many areas of grass and flowers. Space is available for employees who choose to plant gardens.

The Marines have a bar facility with pool table, foosball table, and darts. They host a happy hour once a week, and occasionally have a movie night, showing late-run movies on a large screen.

Sports Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:52 AM

Tennis is a popular year-round outdoor sport in Algiers. Embassy personnel can use the clay court on the Embassy compound. Bring all tennis equipment and apparel to post.

Algiers’ outdoor swimming season is extended throughout the year because the main community pool is heated. There is also a smaller pool, located at the ARC apartment building, which is not and can be used from May through September.

Basketball is also a favorite activity for many of the employees. It is generally quite easy to scare up a half court game or sometimes even a full court game to occupy an afternoon.

Entertainment Last Updated: 7/3/2005 10:02 AM

For many, entertainment is centered within the on-compound community peppered with the occasional dinner at a local restaurant. However, Embassy personnel are often invited to attend events at other embassies or Algerian official functions, depending on the relations that they themselves establish with their contacts outside of the Embassy. Consequently, as the Algerian cultural society and commercial entertainment is slowly rejuvenating in the wake of the "dark decade" of terrorism, employees should bring their own entertaintment materials (stereo, CDs, cassettes). And while the DAO receives recently released movies on VHS-formatted tapes which they are willing to lend, only PAL video tapes are available on the local economy. Furthermore, movies, CDs, and cassettes that are available on the local economy have usually been pirated and the Mission would discourage their purchase.

Social Activities

Among Americans Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:52 AM The compounds also contain a picnic area with BBQ pit, a horseshoe pit, basketball court, gym, and a volleyball court. Jogging is possible on the Embassy's two larger compounds, but most surfaces are paved and some areas can be slippery in the wet season. Cookouts and pool parties are frequently held during summer months.

The Marines have a bar facility with pool table and darts. They host a happy hour once a week and a large party for the diplomatic community of Algiers once a month.

Notes For Travelers

Getting to the Post Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:52 AM

You must arrive at post on the chartered air-bridge flight from Madrid. All correspondence regarding charter dates is classified, and the precedence is “Confidential.” The charter flies an average of three times monthly, and flights range between 7–14 days.

All correspondence concerning travel to/from Algiers should copy Madrid, slugged for GSO – Flight Coordinator, as they are responsible for making hotel and airline reservations for travelers.

Customs, Duties, and Passage

Customs and Duties Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:53 AM

Because Algiers has exceptional HHE (500 lb.) and consumables (750 lb.) allowances, all shipments are sent by air. All shipments should be addressed as follows:

U.S. Ambassador (Employee’s Initials) American Embassy Algiers, Algeria

Algerian customs regulations technically require import permits for all items termed luxurious, which includes stereos and the like. GSO should be advised beforehand if you plan to ship such items so that a “franchise” (import authorization) can be obtained from customs. It is possible that the item may be held upon arrival at the airport, and kept for several days before release.

All shipments, personal and official, enter Algeria under diplomatic “franchise.” Clearing shipments through customs is a process which often requires a month or more. To avoid delays and speed settling in, we try to clear shipments in advance, but this is not always possible. The shipper normally notifies the Embassy via FAX of all weights, bill of lading numbers, airway bill numbers, and the number of cases or containers; the original paperwork follows by air mail. It is a good idea to tell your travel office to be sure the airway bill is FAXed to GSO at 213269–17–82 as soon as it is available.

Vehicles

No importation of POV’ is allowed at this time. Due to the current security situation in Algeria, POV travel by American personnel is not permitted. All travel, either official or non-official, is performed in prior coordination with the RSO, in armored vehicles, driven by Embassy drivers, with security escort. Should the situation change, information on registering, licensing, purchasing, and selling POV’s is available at post.

Passage Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:53 AM

You must have a valid passport and Algerian visa to enter the country; airport visas are not issued. The visa can be obtained through diplomatic or consular missions of the Algerian Government. If you are departing from Washington, D.C., you may obtain visas there. If you are traveling from another post, you may obtain them from the Algerian Embassy in that country, or arrange to obtain a visa en route Algiers. Madrid is usually the most convenient stopover for this purpose. Additionally, it is important that your visa allow for multiple entries, and your passport should not show travel to Israel.

Photographs are required for identity cards, visa extensions, and visas to other countries. Each adult should have 20 passport-sized pictures at time of arrival. Because of the security situation, employees cannot go to local photographers to obtain photos.

The following inoculations should be kept up to date: complete polio series, diphtheria, tetanus, typhoid, and gamma globulin.

Pets Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:53 AM

There is no restriction on the importation of pets. However, given the restrictions under which employees in Algiers serve, personnel may wish to leave their pets with family or friends. Please note that, in the unlikely event of an evacuation, pets must be left behind.

If you do wish to bring a pet, however, the pet must travel as accompanied baggage. Pets must not travel as unaccompanied air baggage, because of routine delays of several days or weeks of air cargo at European transit points. Please notify the Embassy well in advance if you are bringing a pet. Owners must have documents indicating that the pet has been vaccinated against rabies and that the vaccination is at least 30 days old, but not more than 1 year. A health certificate not more than 14 days old is required.

Firearms and Ammunition Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:55 AM

Personnally owned firearms and ammunition are not permitted at this post.

Currency, Banking, and Weights and Measures Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:55 AM

The Algerian unit of currency is the dinar (DA). Approximately 72 dinars = $1 (January 2004). The dinar is divided into hundredths, which in popular usage are called francs. Algerian currency notes may not be exported or imported.

Algeria uses the metric system of weights and measures. The Gregorian calendar is used for most purposes, and Friday is the day of rest in Algeria.

Accommodation exchange is only available through the Embassy cashier. Maintain a U.S. checking account for accommodation exchange and be sure to bring an adequate supply of checks to post. It can take up to three weeks to receive mail through the pouch, therefore it is suggested to sign up for automatic or online billing to avoid late fees.

Recommended Reading Last Updated: 7/6/2005 7:55 AM

Alf, Andrew Heggon. Insurgency and Counter-Inssurgency in Algeria. Indiana University Press: Bloomington, IN, 1972.

Algeria. Les Guides Bleus: Hachett, Paris, 1974.

Algeria. Nagel: Geneva, 1971.

Area Handbook for Algeria. Foreign Area Studies, American University. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1979.

Horne, Alistair. Savage War of Peace. MacMillsan Ltd: Great Britain, 1977. Viking Press: New York, 1978. Penguin Books, Ltd.: United Kingdom and New York, 1979. (This book is the best introduction.)

Humbaraci, Arslan. Algeria: A Revolution That Failed. Pall Mall Press, Ltd: London, 1966.

Kraft, Joseph. Struggle for Algeria. Doubleday: New York, 1961.

M'rabet, Fadila. Las Femme Algerienne. Maspero, 1964.

Ouandt, William. Revolution & Political Leadership. Algeria 1954–1968, M.I.T. Press: Cambridge, MA, 1969.

Local Holidays Last Updated: 4/20/2004 7:42 AM

The following local holidays are observed in Algeria in 2004:

New Year’s Day January 1 Eid El-Adha* Feb 1 & 2 Awal Mouharem* February 22 Achoura* March 2 Labor Day May 1 El-Mawlid El-Nabaoui* May 2 Independence Day July 5 Revolutionary Day November 1 Aid El Fitr* Nov 14 & 15

* The dates of religious holidays are based on the lunar calendar and are celebrated about 10 days earlier each year.