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Haiti
Preface Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:17 AM

Once known as the Pearl of the Antilles, the Republic of Haiti has seen better days. Still, this special nation boasts a rich and fascinating culture that is unquestionably unique. Its more than eight million inhabitants are less rich but no less fascinating. Sadly, Haiti's volatile political culture has resulted in two international interventions in the past decade. The country is struggling through a long and painful transition to democracy that began after the overthrow of the Duvalier family dictatorship in 1986. Extreme poverty, social inequity and environmental degradation only exacerbate this political struggle. As one ambassador put it, the tragedy of Haiti is that Haitians have become great leaders in every profession and in every country, with the exception of Haiti. Through it all, the Haitian people endure, unfailingly proud of Haiti's past and hopeful for its future.

Despite these challenges, Haiti is a remarkable and rewarding country in which to serve. The United States' main foreign policy objective is to stabilize Haiti, bring it back from failed-state status and prevent a mass exodus of refugees. Following the departure of former President Aristide in February 2004, an interim government and a UN peacekeeping mission are re-establishing stability and security, fostering reconciliation among Haiti's many sectors, addressing basic infrastructure and economic needs, and preparing elections in late 2005 to return the country to constitutional normalcy. The U.S. is deeply involved in supporting all aspects of this transition; service here means making a concrete contribution in a country of great importance to the U.S. Work in Haiti is very demanding, and can be befuddling and frustrating at times. Most Americans living in Haiti find the people warm and approachable, the climate delightful, the food delicious, and the arts marvelous.

The Host Country

Area, Geography, and Climate Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:21 AM

Eighteenth-century Haiti, famed for its wealth and productivity, was known to the colonial world as the Pearl of the Antilles. Located in the Caribbean Sea on the western third of the island of Hispaniola, Haiti is a 10,700-square-mile area of primarily mountainous terrain, some of which rise above 8,000 feet, and 850 miles of spectacular coastline. Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic, which occupies the eastern two-thirds.

Haiti's tropical climate produces seasonal rainfall, although large areas of the country are semiarid. Temperatures year round range from 70°F to 90°F with high humidity along the coast at times. Average annual rainfall varies from nearly zero in some areas to 53 inches in Port-au-Prince. The two rainy seasons that Port-au-Prince experiences are from April to June and from August to mid-November. Rain and accompanying thunder/lightning storms usually occur at dusk and at night, but the days remain clear and sunny. There is a crisp dry season from December to April. Surrounding mountains generally protect Port-au-Prince from Caribbean hurricanes.

Population Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:22 AM

With its current population estimated to be over 8 million, Haiti ranks among the most densely populated countries in the world. Port-au-Prince, the capital, has more than 2.5 million inhabitants. Cap Haitien, on the north coast, is the second largest city, with a population of 670,000. Haiti's population growth rate is 2.2% annually, with the population expected to double by 2027. Chronic poverty, mounting urbanization and a weak national health care infrastructure produce the worst health statistics in the Western Hemisphere. Only about 40% of Haitians have access to basic health services. Maternal and child mortality, malnutrition, and HIV/AIDS plague the country's medical, social, and economic fiber. Years of Haitian political instability have given rise to a hardy private health care community, with many services offered by religious or humanitarian organizations. Still, only 34% of Haiti's children under five years have been fully immunized against preventable diseases. Heavily stigmatized early in the AIDS pandemic, a successful HIV/AIDS strategy has led to halving of the HIV rate to an estimated 3.1%.

An estimated 90 percent of Haitians are of African descent. The remaining 10 percent include Haitians of mixed African-European descent plus immigrants from Europe and the Middle East. French and Creole are Haiti's official languages, even though only 20% of the population speaks French fluently. All Haitians speak and understand Creole, but as a written means of communication it has to contend with Haiti's 52% adult illiteracy rate.

The culture and traditions of Haiti come from its African, Caribbean, and French roots. Following World War II, a significant number of Haitians began visiting or studying in the U.S. and Canada. Overseas Haitians now number approximately 1-2 million (many in the U.S., Canada, and the Dominican Republic). This travel back and forth has made North American customs and habits increasingly familiar in Haiti. In an attempt to escape the country's grinding poverty (particularly during periods of political repression), tens of thousands of Haitians have attempted to enter the U.S. illegally, the vast majority in overcrowded, unseaworthy boats.

Public Institutions Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:22 AM

The Republic of Haiti is a parliamentary democracy in transition, struggling with a 200-year legacy of political conflict and repression. From 1986, when the 30-year dictatorship of the Duvalier family ended, until 1991, a series of provisional governments ruled Haiti. In 1987, Haitians adopted a Constitution that provides for an elected bicameral Parliament, an elected President who serves as head of state, and a Prime Minister, Cabinet of Ministers, and Supreme Court appointed by the President with Parliament's consent.

In December 1990, Jean-Bertrand Aristide won 67% of the vote in a Presidential election that international observers deemed largely free and fair. Aristide took office in February 1991 but dissatisfied elements of the army (with some support from the business community) overthrew him and forced him to leave the country in September of the same year.

In July 1994, the U.N. Security Council adopted a resolution authorizing member states to use all necessary means to facilitate the departure of Haiti's military leadership and restore constitutional rule, including the return of President Aristide. In September, with U.S. troops prepared to enter Haiti in a matter of hours, President Bill Clinton dispatched a negotiating team led by former President Jimmy Carter to meet with the de facto Haitian leadership to discuss the terms of their departure. As a result, a U.S.-led multinational force (MNF) was able to deploy to Haiti peacefully. Coup leader Raoul Cedras and other top military leaders left Haiti, and restoration of the legitimate government began, leading to Aristide's return in October of that year.

Oft-delayed elections for Parliament and local government offices took place successfully between June and October 1995. President Aristide's Lavalas Party and its affiliates swept into power at all levels. In the December 1995 Presidential election, with Aristide barred by the Haitian Constitution from succeeding himself, prominent Lavalas figure Rene Preval (Aristide's first Prime Minister in 1991) overwhelmed his 13 opponents by garnering 88% of the vote. He took office the following February.

Almost constant political crises beset Preval's five-year term. A deadlocked Parliament, allegations of widespread corruption, and resignations by key government officials impaired political, economic and social reform. On January 11, 1999, the four-year mandates of most local and legislative officials ended, while elections to replace them never occurred. Preval refused to extend their mandates, ushering in a period of rule by decree. On May 21, 2000, elections finally took place. A flawed method of counting votes and other irregularities assured the ruling Fanmi Lavalas Party of a sweeping victory. However, the Organization of American States pulled its observers and the international community registered strong protests against the vote-counting methodology.

The opposition refused to accept the results of the May election and called for a boycott of the Presidential election scheduled for November 26, 2000. Despite numerous negotiation efforts, opposition leaders refused to participate, and the November election went forward with no international support. Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who ran again, was declared the winner. The opposition never accepted Aristide's victory, and the political crisis continued to escalate as the opposition banded together to bring about his ouster. In the fall of 2003 former military elements, some of whom had been hiding out in the Dominican Republic, began organizing a fitful rebellion in Haiti's north and central plateau. At the same time Aristide deployed his paid thugs, called "chimères" in Creole, with increasing frequency in Port-au-Prince and other cities to disrupt opposition demonstrations, violently deter Aristide's rivals, and intimidate the general populace. The political and security situation deteriorated rapidly between November 2003 and February 2004, especially after anti-Aristide forces took control in Gonaives on February 5. By late February, with Port-au-Prince surrounded by rebel forces, Aristide requested help from the United States to flee the country. He submitted his resignation on February 29, 2004 and flew to Africa. He is currently living in exile in South Africa. A U.S. led Multinational Interim Force (MIF) arrived just after his departure and maintained security until the arrival of MINUSTAH, a Brazilian-led U.N. peacekeeping mission in June 2004.

Immediately following Aristide's departure, Supreme Court President Boniface Alexandre became Interim President, in accordance with the constitution. He subsequently appointed former UN official Gerard Latortue as Prime Minister, following the recommendations of an ad hoc "Council of Eminent Persons." Latortue's largely technocratic government took power on March 17, 2004 and, following consultations with many political sectors, signed an April 4 accord defining a limited mandate running through February 2006. The government's principal objective is to organize free, fair, and credible elections by the end of 2005; these have now been scheduled for October (local) and November/December (parliamentary/presidential) 2005.

The interim government's task has been made substantially more difficult by its inheritance from the Aristide regime: a bankrupt treasury; corrupt and weakened institutions; a negative-growth economy; a politicized, poorly equipped, and undermanned police force; and a crumbling infrastructure. In addition, the difficulties have been exacerbated by violence propagated by pro-Aristide partisans and, to a lesser extent, the ex-soldiers who helped push Aristide out and began demanding redress for their perceived grievances. The security challenge to the police and the 8,000 UN peacekeepers continues to be great, and the situation is likely to remain fragile at least through the inauguration of a new government in February 2006.

Arts, Science, and Education Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:23 AM

Education is available in Haiti from preschool through university, although only 67% of 6- through 11-year-old Haitian children attend primary school. In driving through Port-au-Prince, one sees an extraordinary number of schools, including numerous preschools and kindergartens. Due to the low number and low quality of public schools Haitian parents prefer private schools and make great sacrifices to afford the tuition. Over 80% of all schools in Haiti are non-public due to weak state capacity to provide education services.

The State University of Haiti, located in Port-au-Prince, is tuition-free to those students who can pass the tough entrance exams. The university has schools of administration, agronomy, dentistry, economics, education, law, literature, medicine, and science. Most subjects are taught in French and in the French university tradition. Lately, there has been some instruction in Creole, and North American educational systems have influenced the curricula at the Institute of Administration, Management, and Diplomacy (INAGHEI) and the Université Quisqueya (UNIQ).

A significant number of art schools attempt to maintain the spirit of Haiti's 1940's explosion onto the world art scene. There are also institutes of science and technology and a multitude of private universities.

Commerce and Industry Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:23 AM

Haiti is the poorest country in the western hemisphere and one of the poorest countries in the world. The average income for a Haitian is around $300-400 per year.

The economy has been in decline for years. Some of the many reasons for its poor performance over the past several decades are the following: political violence and turmoil; pervasive corruption; inability of the government to collect taxes; lack of a functioning judicial system; lack of roads; poor condition of the ports; inconsistent telephone service; and interruptions in the supply of electricity.

The major components of Haiti's economy are retail trade, agriculture and light industry. Many Haitians make their living buying and selling goods. These merchants fill local markets and line major roads throughout the country selling their wares. Agriculture is mostly subsistence; rural farmers grow enough to feed their families and sell the surplus to their neighbors or in the local market. Some mangoes and coffee are grown for export, but neither is a major source of export revenue. Sugar is not exported to the United States, although rum is. Light industry consists mostly of apparel assembly for export to the United States and also some production for local use. In the past the apparel assembly sector was a major source of income and jobs for the Haitians, but due to political turmoil and Asian competition, this industry has faded in importance.

The United States is by far the most important market for Haitian goods and also supplies most of Haiti's imports. Apparel (t-shirts, polo-type shirts) is the main export to the United States.

The employment rate in Haiti is estimated at only 30 percent of the workforce. That does not mean, however, that 70 percent of Haitian workers are unemployed. Most Haitians work in the informal sector. In fact, most of Haitian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) comes from the informal sector, such as the informal buying and selling of goods or providing services.

An important component of the Haitian economy is remittances: payments sent to Haitians by relatives or friends living in the United States or Canada. An estimated $1 billion in remittances flow into Haiti each year. Remittances are essential for many Haitians to keep them fed and clothed and to supply capital for their small, informal businesses. Another important component of the economy is foreign assistance. In July 2004 international donors agreed to provide over $1 billion in assistance to Haiti through fiscal year 2006.

The gourde is the official currency in Haiti. For decades, the gourde was tied to the U.S. dollar at 5 to 1, and it became common to quote prices in "Haitian dollars" as well as gourdes. The Haitian dollar, an artificial construct and not an actual unit of currency, is worth 5 gourdes. The exchange rate in early 2005 fluctuated between 35 and 40 gourdes to the U.S. dollar.

Resolution of Haiti's political crisis and a period of sustained political stability is a prerequisite for the revival of the Haitian economy, and to improve prospects for foreign investment and to stimulate foreign trade which would provide jobs and help to alleviate the pervasive poverty of Haiti.

Transportation Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:25 AM

Automobiles

In Port-au-Prince, a private car is essential for independence and convenience, as public transport is not recommended. Mission personnel should ship their cars to Haiti as early as possible, even if this means renting a car in the U.S. for a brief period.

Regulations in effect for all U.S. agencies regarding importation and disposal of motor vehicles are as follows:

* No motor vehicle may be imported for the purpose of resale.

* Sale of duty-free, imported, privately owned vehicles and personal property, normally on departure from post, is subject to strict control by the Embassy.

* A motor vehicle cannot be sold until payment of duties by either the seller or the buyer is assured, unless someone with duty-free privileges purchases the vehicle.

* Notification in writing of the transaction must be sent to the Embassy administrative officer. The Embassy will then report the sale to the Haitian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and to the police.

Cars with high clearance and good traction are most popular for the steep hills and potholed streets of Port-au- Prince. Most people find a four-wheel drive sport utility vehicle the only good choice - people who have imported sedans have usually regretted the decision. Vehicles with four-wheel drive are needed for almost all travel outside Port-au-Prince. Also, keep in mind that the streets of Port-au-Prince are very narrow. A used car in good mechanical condition is adequate. Cars are driven on the right side of the road.

Minimum liability insurance, consisting of $2,000 bodily injury and $1,000 property damage for each accident, is compulsory. Consideration should be given to acquiring additional insurance through an international insurance company. The Haitian Government grants tax-free car registration and licensing to all U.S. Government personnel. This process is handled by the Embassy.

Automobile repair shops make some repairs, but quality is questionable. There are dealers in Port-au-Prince for most major manufacturers. These dealers do provide reasonably good service on most models although they can be expensive and slow. Many spare parts for American, Japanese, and European cars are sold locally but at two-to- three times their U.S. prices. Tires and batteries may be purchased locally. Tires with tubes hold up better than tubeless tires.

Unleaded gasoline and diesel fuel are available at duty-free prices through the Embassy. Security restrictions may prevent official staff and family members from traveling to downtown Port-au-Prince, in which case gas is available on the local economy for between US $3-5 per gallon. Gasoline sold in Haiti is called "super" but is comparable to U.S. "regular". Do not remove catalytic converters from cars.

Local Transportation

Embassy personnel are prohibited from using local transport known as "tap taps". Embassy personnel are also strongly discouraged from using public or private transport services.

Regional Transportation

Port-au-Prince has daily nonstop flights to and from Miami and New York and regular flights to Santo Domingo, Montreal, Kingston, and Fort-de-France. The nearby Dominican Republic provides a welcome change for Embassy personnel wanting a short vacation away from Post. There are also two bus companies who provide daily service to the Dominican Republic.

Automobiles Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

In Port-au-Prince, a private car is essential for independence and convenience, as public transport is not recommended. Mission personnel should ship their cars to Haiti as early as possible, even if this means renting a car in the U.S. for a brief period.

Regulations in effect for all U.S. agencies regarding importation and disposal of motor vehicles are as follows:

No motor vehicle may be imported for the purpose of resale. Sale of duty-free, imported, privately owned vehicles and personal property, normally on departure from post, is subject to strict control by the Embassy. A motor vehicle cannot be sold until payment of duties by either the seller or the buyer is assured, unless someone with duty-free privileges purchases the vehicle. Notification in writing of the transaction must be sent to the Embassy administrative officer. The Embassy will then report the sale to the Haiti Department of Foreign Affairs and to the police. Cars with high clearance and good traction are most popular for the steep hills and potholed streets of Port-au- Prince. Many different makes of regular passenger cars have been used successfully in the city. Vehicles with four-wheel drive are needed for almost all travel outside Port-au-Prince. Since high mileage is rarely accumulated, a used car in good mechanical condition is adequate. Cars are driven on the right side of the road.

Minimum liability insurance, consisting of $2,000 bodily injury and $1,000 property damage for each accident, is compulsory. The Haitian Government grants tax-free car registration and licensing to all U.S. Government personnel.

Automobile repair shops make some repairs, but quality is not good. Some spare parts for American, Japanese, and European cars are sold locally but at two-to- three times more than U.S. prices. Tires and batteries may be purchased locally. Tires with tubes hold up better than tubeless tires.

Unleaded gasoline is available at duty-free prices at the Embassy. Do not remove catalytic converters from cars. Gasoline sold in Haiti is called "super" but is comparable to U.S. "regular." Diesel fuel is also available at the Embassy.

Local Transportation Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

The local transport known as "tap taps" are rarely used by Embassy personnel, if ever. "Service" (sharing) taxis operate on defined routes. Embassy personnel are advised not to use public transport because there is no safe, clean, or modern intercity or intracity transport available. There are some private taxi services, but these are very expensive, particularly for new foreigners and during any gasoline shortages.

Regional Transportation Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

During normal times, Port-au-Prince has daily nonstop flights to and from Miami and New York and regular flights to Santo Domingo, Montreal, Paris, Kingston, and Curaçao. Reservations can be difficult to make during the peak travel seasons of summer and Christmas. The nearby Dominican Republic provides a welcome change for Embassy personnel wishing a short vacation away from post.

Communications Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:28 AM

Telephones and Telecommunications

Port-au-Prince has a dial telephone system, which is subject to interruption during rainy seasons and electricity shortages. The monthly charge is approximately US $10 per residence. Although few Embassy residences have telephones that allow for direct dialing, overseas calls may still be made using an AT&T or similar charge card, or by using a global call-back phone service system. Official residences of the Ambassador, DCM, and the residences of senior section and agency heads are equipped with Embassy extensions. The residences of the USAID Mission Director and Deputy Director share an extension line linked directly to the USAID office. Overseas calls can be made at most local hotels with a USA-direct card. Most American employees have U.S.G.-issued cell phones for use in Haiti. Use of the Embassy FAX service is available and billed as a phone call.

Mail and Pouch

Haiti's international mail and the Embassy pouch service are both slow. First-class pouches come in and go out two or three times weekly at the Embassy, but letters often take 2-4 weeks to reach their final destination. Packages and magazines arrive by surface-to-air pouch twice weekly. Their delivery time is about 3 weeks. Pouch facilities cannot be used to send packages from Haiti to the U.S. Departing personnel usually volunteer to carry letters with them to mail in the U.S.

For official U.S. Government pouch service, use the following address:

(Name and Agency)

Department of State

3400 Port au Prince Place

Washington, DC 20521-3400

Note: Subject to Anthrax eradication - may harm items such as credit cards

For personal mail via the pouch service, use the following address:

(Name and Agency)

3400 Port au Prince Place

Dulles, VA 20189-3400

For international mail, use the following address:

(Name and Agency)

American Embassy

Box 1761

Port-au-Prince, HAITI

HT 6110 (West Indies)

The Embassy also uses a private service for incoming letters and magazines addressed to direct hire employees. Any packages or large letters (but not magazines) received at this address are subject to a costly charge calculated by their weight. It is therefore advisable not to have any packages sent to this address. Mail from the U.S. takes about one week and should be addressed as follows:

Employee Name

P.O. Box 591108

Miami, Florida 33159-1108

Radio and TV

104 legal and independent AM/FM stereo radio stations broadcast in Haiti, and 44 of those are located in Port-au-Prince. Most broadcast 16-18 hours a day, including the government-owned radio station Radio Nationale. Shortwave radios pick up all principal international networks, including VOA and BBC. The VOA Creole service program is rebroadcast daily in the capital (there are a total of 12 VOA affiliates throughout Haiti).

There are nine (9) TV stations in the capital. Television Nationale d'Haiti (TNH), the government-owned station, broadcasts all over the country, with an estimated audience of 2-3 million viewers (actually TNH covers 65% of the territory). It provides French- and Creole-language programs 16 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Tele-Haiti, a privately owned cable station, relays 39 channels of programs in English, French, and Spanish. These currently include CNN, HBO, the Discovery Channel, ESPN, TNT, PBS, FOX, BET, and U.S. stations affiliated with CBS, NBC, and ABC. Tele-Haiti (broadcasting 7 days a week, 24 hours daily) serves only Port-au-Prince and has about 100,000 viewers. Program quality is generally good, barring power failures. Cable deposit and installation cost about 4.075 gourdes (US$112,40) with a monthly service fee of around 990 gourdes, about US$28, respectively, at the current exchange rate (March 2005).

DirecTV service, with about 400 channels, is available. The receiver provided by DirecTV in the U.S. works in Haiti, but the 18-inch dish does not. The channel master dish is available locally and costs over US $1,500 for purchase and installation. Monthly fees are close to $90. Typically, service providers will not provide monthly subscriptions unless the dish is purchased through them.

Telephones and Telecommunications Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Port-au-Prince has a dial telephone system, which is subject to interruption during rainy seasons and electricity shortages. The monthly charge is $10 per residence. Although few Embassy residences have telephones that allow for direct dialing, overseas calls may still be made using an AT&T or MCI telephone charge card, or by using a global call-back phone service system. Official residences of the Ambassador, DCM, Political and Economic Counselors, RSO, and IMO are equipped with Embassy extensions. The residences of the USAID Mission Director and Deputy Director share an extension line linked directly to the USAID office. Calls to the U.S. and other countries can also be made at the Embassy and are billed monthly. Overseas calls can be made at most local hotels with a USA-direct card. Most American employees have U.S.G.-issued cell phones for use in Haiti. Use of the Embassy FAX service is available and billed as a phone call. The Embassy FAX number is (509) 223-1641.

Mail and Pouch Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Haiti's international mail and the Embassy pouch service are both slow. First-class pouches come in and go out twice weekly at the Embassy, but letters often take 2-4 weeks to reach their final destination. Packages and magazines arrive by surface-to-air pouch twice weekly. Their delivery time is about 3 weeks. Pouch facilities cannot be used to send packages from Haiti to the U.S. Departing personnel usually volunteer to carry letters with them to mail in the U.S.

For U.S. Government pouch service, use the following address:

(Name and Agency) Department of State 3400 Port-au-Prince Place Washington, DC 20521-3400

For international mail, use the following address:

(Name and Agency) American Embassy Box 1761 Port-au-Prince, HAITI (West Indies)

The Embassy also makes use of a private service for incoming letters and magazines addressed to direct hire employees. Mail from the U.S. takes about one week and should be addressed as follows:

Employee Name P.O. Box 591108 Miami, Florida 33159-1108

Radio and TV Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

There are 91 independent AM/FM stereo radio stations in Haiti, 42 of that are located in Port-au-Prince. Most broadcast 16-18 hours a day, including the government-owned radio station Radio Nationale. Shortwave radios pick up all principal international networks, including VOA and BBC. The VOA Creole service program is rebroadcast daily in the capital.

There are seven TV stations in the capital. Television Nationale d'Haiti (TNH), the government-owned station, broadcasts all over the country, with an estimated audience of 500,000. It provides French- and Creole-language programs 18 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Tele-Haiti, a privately owned cable station, relays 21 channels of programs in English, French, and Spanish. These currently include CNN, HBO, the Discovery Channel, ESPN, TNT, PBS, FOX, and U.S. stations affiliated with CBS, NBC, and ABC. Tele-Haiti (broadcasting 7 days a week, 24 hours daily) serves only Port-au-Prince and has about 100,000 viewers. Program quality is generally good, barring power failures. Cable deposit and installation cost about 600 Haitian dollars with a monthly service fee of around 114 Haitian dollars, about $135 and $25, respectively, at the current exchange rate (May 2001).

DirecTV service, with about 400 channels, is available. The receiver provided by DirecTV in the U.S. works in Haiti, but the 18-inch dish does not. The channel master dish is available locally and costs over US$1,000 installed.

PVS-Antenne 16, a privately owned station broadcasting on UHF, beams French- and English-language programming 8 hours a day, 7 days a week to about 20,000 viewers in the capital.

American TV sets (NTSC), operating on 110v AC, work well. For both radio and TV, equipment operable on battery power is desirable because of the frequency of power failures.

Newspapers, Magazines, and Technical Journals Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

U.S. newspapers, particularly the Miami Herald, are available but not always on a daily basis. Magazines such as Time, Newsweek, L'Express, and Le Figaro are available about a week after publication.

Currently, there are several newspapers in Haiti, including two French-language dailies in Port-au-Prince. One of these dailies has occasional articles in English. Radio, TV, and newspapers draw on Agence France Presse, Reuters, and AP for international news.

The Haitian-American Institute Library, open to Americans, has about 3,700 volumes and is probably the best lending library in the country; membership is 5 Haitian dollars per year. The Colony Club, a private lending library located at the Petionville Club, is open Fridays from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. and can be joined for US$30 per year. The club has over 2,000 books in English.

A few commercial bookstores have American, British, French, and Haitian books, although the supply of novels in English is slim, and prices are higher than in the U.S. It is important to bring adequate reading material to post. For small children there are few books available outside the school library. It is wise to subscribe to U.S. magazines and book clubs (keeping in mind the slow mail service to and from post) for both adults and children and to utilize on-line bookstores to make up for the dearth of current English-language reading material available in Port-au-Prince.

Health and Medicine Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:28 AM

Medical Facilities

The Embassy Health Unit is open from 7:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. daily, Monday through Friday. An English-speaking, Belgian-trained physician (a general practitioner with ob-gyn specialty), and a US trained American Registered Nurse staff the unit. The Embassy also has a "walking blood bank" program available to all Mission personnel. Port-au-Prince has a number of competent Haitian doctors, but lack of equipment limits medical facilities. Expert diagnostic service is not available, so any chronic or potentially chronic conditions should be treated before departure from the U.S. When surgery is recommended, personnel use the daily commercial flights to Miami, where excellent medical services are available. In case of emergency, there is medical evacuation by air ambulance to Miami, if necessary.

Locally, there are several competent dentists. A number of American- or Canadian-trained specialists in cardiology, pediatrics, and eye/ear/nose/throat are available.

Local oculists and optometrists can issue eyeglass prescriptions. Lens-grinding facilities are available, but special lenses must be ground outside the country. It is advisable to bring extra eyeglasses, contact lenses, and sunglasses with ultraviolet screening plus a copy of your current prescription. Selection of contact lens solutions is limited.

The Canapé Vert Hospital in Port-au-Prince, which the Embassy uses when necessary, has a doctor covering the emergency room from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. and on weekends. It has some air-conditioned private rooms, and most doctors are permitted to practice there. The rates are lower than in the U.S., but due to inadequate nursing care and lack of supplies, hospitalization is sometimes precarious and rarely used by the Embassy.

It is advisable to bring to post any medications and over-the-counter drugs used regularly and to make arrangements with a U.S. pharmacy for refills. Pharmacies are available in Port-au-Prince but often stock only European pharmaceuticals. Contraceptives are available, but not all kinds. It is preferable to bring your own. Prescription refills are done via the Ft. Lauderdale Regional Center, and when the Regional Medical Officer and/or Foreign Service Health Practitioner visit Post. It can take 3 - 6 weeks for medication to come via pouch.

Community Health

The level of community sanitation and public cleanliness throughout the country is far below U.S. standards. Streets in Port-au-Prince are littered with refuse, and sewage often stagnates in open gutters. Port-au-Prince's sewage system is totally inadequate for the city's needs. The Embassy purchases purified bottled water, which is distributed to all Embassy housing units. Local vegetables and fruit that cannot be peeled must be thoroughly washed and soaked in chlorine solution.

Preventive Measures

Malaria is a serious problem in rural Haiti. It is recommended that Embassy personnel take malaria-preventive medication. A supply is stocked and dispensed by the Embassy. Personnel should arrive supplied with mosquito repellants and mosquito netting for beds, as not all housing units have screens.

Other diseases common to Haiti include Hepatitis A and B, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, venereal disease (including AIDS), intestinal parasites, dengue fever, polio, and rabies. Due to the high incidence of some of these diseases, any hired household help should have a pre-employment physical examination and periodic checkups.

Occasional cases of dysentery, diarrhea, or dengue fever occur among Americans living in Haiti. Although no vaccinations are required for entry into the country (unless one is coming from a Yellow-Fever-infected area), the State Department recommends inoculations against typhoid fever, tetanus, diphtheria, polio, hepatitis B, measles, and rabies. Children should be up to date on all recommended immunizations. Immune globulin is recommended every 4-6 months for prevention of Hepatitis A. The Health Unit has vaccines should you need booster shots or a primary series.

As the local water supply lacks fluoride, supplementation for children is important to prevent tooth decay. A supply of sunscreen is essential to prevent skin damage from the tropical rays.

Medical Facilities Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

The Embassy Health Unit is open from 7:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. daily, Monday through Friday. An English-speaking, Paris-trained physician on contract (a general practitioner with ob-gyn specialty), and a trained secretary staff the unit. The Embassy also has a "walking blood bank" program available to all Mission personnel. Port-au-Prince has a number of competent Haitian doctors, but lack of equipment limits medical facilities. Expert diagnostic service is not available, so any chronic or potentially chronic conditions should be treated before departure from the U.S. When surgery is recommended, personnel use the daily commercial flights to Miami, where excellent medical services are available. In case of emergency, there is medical evacuation by air ambulance to Miami, if necessary.

Locally, there are several competent dentists. A number of American- or Canadian-trained specialists in cardiology, pediatrics, and eye/ear/nose/throat are available.

Local oculists and optometrists can issue eyeglass prescriptions. Lens-grinding facilities are available, but special lenses must be ground outside the country. It is advisable to bring extra eyeglasses, contact lenses, and sunglasses with ultraviolet screening plus a copy of your current prescription. Selection of contact lens solutions is limited.

The Canapé Vert Hospital in Port-au-Prince, which the Embassy uses when necessary, has a doctor covering the emergency room from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. and on weekends. It has some air-conditioned private rooms, and most doctors are permitted to practice there. The rates are lower than in the U.S., but due to inadequate nursing care and lack of supplies, hospitalization is sometimes precarious and rarely used by the Embassy.

It is advisable to bring to post any medications and over-the-counter drugs used regularly and to make arrangements with a U.S. pharmacy for refills. Pharmacies are available in Port-au- Prince but often stock only European pharmaceuticals. Contraceptives are available, but not all kinds. It is preferable to bring your own.

Community Health Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

The level of community sanitation and public cleanliness throughout the country is far below U.S. standards. Streets in Port-au-Prince are littered with refuse, and sewage often stagnates in open gutters. Port-au-Prince's sewerage system is totally inadequate for the city's needs. The Embassy purchases purified bottled water, which is distributed to all Embassy housing units. Local vegetables and fruit that cannot be peeled must be thoroughly washed and soaked in chlorine solution.

Preventive Measures Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Malaria is a serious problem in rural Haiti. It is recommended that Embassy personnel take malaria-preventive medication. A supply is stocked and dispensed by the Embassy. Personnel should arrive supplied with mosquito repellants and mosquito netting for beds, as not all housing units have screens.

Other diseases common to Haiti include Hepatitis A and B, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, venereal disease (including AIDS), intestinal parasites, dengue fever, polio, and rabies. Due to the high incidence of some of these diseases, any hired household help should have a pre-employment physical examination and periodic checkups.

Occasional cases of dysentery, diarrhea, or dengue fever occur among Americans living in Haiti. Although no vaccinations are required for entry into the country (unless one is coming from a Yellow-Fever-infected area), the State Department recommends inoculations against typhoid fever, tetanus, diphtheria, polio, hepatitis B, measles, and rabies. Children should be up to date on all recommended immunizations. Immune globulin is recommended every 4-6 months for prevention of Hepatitis A.

As the local water supply lacks fluoride, supplementation for children is important to prevent tooth decay. A supply of sunscreen is essential to prevent skin damage from the tropical rays.

Employment for Spouses and Dependents Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:42 AM

Post is eager to utilize the skills and talents of its family members and has typically been able to successfully hire most of its family members pursuing employment within the Mission. See Post's FAMER (Family Member Employment Record) on the Family Liaison Office intranet website for the most up-to-date job information or contact the CLO.

In the past few years several of Post's family members have sought employment with local and international NGOs, UN, USAID, and CDC. This usually requires prior experience, and in some cases a Master's, PhD or MD. It is helpful to have French and/or Creole language skills. Contact the CLO for a complete listing of all international NGOs.

Qualified elementary and secondary teachers are often able to find employment at the Union School. Contact the school directly: Union School P.O. Box 1175 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, telephone 509.211.1251 or, email unionschool@direcway.com.

While no official bilateral work agreement exists between the U.S. and Haiti there is an existing De Facto Work Arrangement between the countries. On the basis of de facto reciprocity, family members of U.S. Government employees assigned to official duty at Post may apply through a specified channel for a permit to work in the host country. The U.S. reciprocates by allowing the family members of foreign officials to work in the U.S. Since this work arrangement is informal, and there is no written agreement, the arrangement is subject to unpredictable change because of economic or political pressures, or even foreign ministry personnel changes. The procedure for processing a request for a work permit under a reciprocal arrangement is more complex and lengthy than the bilateral work agreement process. You should contact the Human Resources office at the Embassy for more details.

It is imperative to seek Chief of Mission approval if a family member wishes to work on the local economy or out of their home.

American Embassy - Port-au-Prince

Post City Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:44 AM

Post City

Port-au-Prince is a city with an uninspiring waterfront and downtown area. The city has expanded onto adjoining hills with incredible vistas. Currently, the city is a conglomeration of nondescript office buildings, slums, old Victorian houses with "gingerbread" trim, modern cement block houses, and million-dollar homes. While the Haitian people are extremely proud, the city's social system unofficially divides the populace into a majority of blacks of African descent called "noirs" and a minority of mixed ancestry called "mulatres." This division continues to be the basis for the inequalities so glaringly visible in Port-au-Prince.

The city has few historic sites, but sightseeing is ample for a short visit. Major attractions are the Episcopal Cathedral with its Haitian biblical murals, the Catholic Cathedral, the Musee d'Art, the National Museum or "Pantheon", and many private art galleries. Haitian handicraft stores feature metal arts created from old oil drums, many with a delightful sense of humor. There are over 18,000 U.S. citizens registered in Haiti.

Security Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:44 AM

As in any developing country, crime is a chronic problem in Haiti. Reported incidents of robberies, kidnappings, carjackings, and burglaries occur in virtually every part of the country, including the residential areas where Mission personnel reside. Civil unrest, including marches, demonstrations, and gunfire occurs with little or no warning.

In response, the Embassy has four permanently assigned DS Special Agents as Regional Security Officers a 430-person local guard force. All residences have guards assigned 24 hours daily, 7 days a week. These are supported by five armed mobile security patrols. Employees must also make sincere efforts to ensure their own security.

Personnel should be aware of their surroundings at all times. Criminal activity is prevalent within Port-au-Prince, and many areas of the city have been placed off limits to Mission personnel and their dependents. Personnel should be extremely cautious in all areas of the city and its suburbs, and observe sound security practices.

Driving in Haiti requires extreme caution, particularly in the evening hours. Roads are poorly maintained, traffic rules and courtesies are not observed, and traffic within Port-au-Prince is often gridlocked. Carjackings, assaults and armed robberies are common occurrences. Employees traveling outside of Port-au-Prince must do so during daylight hours, and in tandem with one or more vehicles if possible, due to the security situation and road conditions.

A detailed security briefing is required for all arriving personnel and their dependents.

The Post and Its Administration Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:45 AM

The American Embassy is the only U.S. diplomatic post in Haiti; it consists of seven annexes: Chancery; USAID/CDC/APHIS; Consular Annex; Public Diplomacy; GSO/Warehouse; Peace Corps; and DHS. In 2004, construction of a New Embassy Compound began on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince in the suburban area of Tabarre. The completion date is June 2007. The New Embassy Compound will house all of the previously divided agencies in one building. Post housing will move nearer to the Tabarre area as well.

An Embassy expediter meets newly arriving personnel at the airport and assists them through customs and immigration procedures. New must notify Post's Management Counselor as soon as travel plans are definite. For security reasons, it is not recommended to take taxis.

All new arrivals and their adult dependents should bring at least 12 photos for Haitian ID cards, etc.

The Chancery is located at 5, Boulevard Harry Truman (the only address necessary when giving directions). Chancery telephone numbers are 509-222-0200/-0354/-1770/-1799/- 0269/-0327, FAX 509-223-1641. A Marine Security Guard is on 24-hour duty at the Chancery. Also located in the Chancery are: the Defense Attaché Office (DAO) 509-223-9697; the Coast Guard Liaison Office (CGLO) 509-223-0986 or 255-9695, x-589; the Military Liaison Office (MLO) 509-223-0970; and the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) 509-223-8888.

The Consular Annex is located on rue Oswald Durand, about 1 mile from the Chancery, 509-223-7011, FAX 509-223-8816.

The Office of Public Diplomacy (PD) is located a block from the Chancery 509-222-1504/5726, FAX 509-223-8324.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is also one block away from the Chancery, 509-222- 0200 Ext. 8300.

USAID occupies a separate building one-half mile from the Chancery on Boulevard Harry Truman, 509-222-5500/-5403/-5196/-5930, FAX 509-223-9603. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 509-229-3152/3038, FAX 509-223-9603, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) 509-229-3109/3140 share the building with USAID.

All American employees are on the payroll of the Charleston Financial Center.

Housing Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:47 AM

Temporary Quarters

Every effort is made to place personnel in their permanent housing assignment upon arrival. If the assigned residence is not yet available, personnel will be placed in temporary quarters or one of several good-quality hotels until their permanent quarters are ready.

Permanent Housing

The Ambassador's residence is in Bourdon, a residential neighborhood about three miles from downtown. Built on a hilltop by the U.S. Marine Corps, it boasts a large pool, tennis/basketball court, three expansive lawns, a large patio and terrace, a three-quarter mile walking path, breathtaking views, and both flower and vegetable gardens. The DCM resides at Petit-Paradis, a spacious Government-leased home in Juvenat with an elegant pool and covered bar terrace for entertaining. The Marine House, located in Pacot, is about 10 minutes from the Embassy.

All Mission personnel are assigned to government-leased or -owned housing. This varies from charming old-style houses with high ceilings, large windows, and obsolete fixtures to apartments, duplexes and newer houses. Many of the houses and apartment buildings have swimming pools. All homes are equipped with grills and safe havens to meet security standards for Port-au-Prince.

Furnishings

Port-au-Prince is a furnished post, and GSO provides all homes with a standard furniture package. Air-conditioners are provided for bedrooms and most living space except kitchens and common areas. Some older Haitian homes are "Caribbean open-air" architecture. In these homes, living and dining areas may not be air-conditioned. A refrigerator with freezer or a separate freezer, a gas range, and washer and dryer are also included. All homes come with generators on automatic power transfer.

Personnel of all agencies should bring to post or be prepared to order the following basic items: kitchen utensils, china, glasses, silverware, table linens, light blankets, pillows, bed linens, electric fans, multiple outlet plugs, extension cords, and voltage regulators. A high-quality UPS is essential for computer equipment.

Most household items are available locally but at prices well above those in the U.S. Attractive wrought iron and wicker furniture can be made locally if a picture or sketch is provided. Most houses have tile floors. Rugs add hominess but are not essential. Locally made sisal or palm straw rugs are available. While some standard area carpets may be available for issue, carpets are not generally included in the furniture package. Window coverings are provided for primary rooms such as living rooms, bedrooms and family rooms.

Utilities and Equipment

The Port-au-Prince water supply is inadequate. All housing receives water (for requirements other than drinking) by a cistern and water pump system. While intermittent city water supplements some cistern storage, water truck deliveries supply almost all homes. GSO regularly supplies drinking water in five gallon bottles to all residences.

The electrical system in Port-au-Prince is overburdened, and outages are frequent. City power is often rationed to various sections of the city day and night. Embassy homes have government-owned generators, which are used during power shortages. Current is 115v, 60 cycles. Transformers are not necessary, but voltage regulators are useful, and a UPS is invaluable for sustaining computer function. For large appliances, 110-220v, 60-cycle, three-wire, single-phase, AC current is available. Domestics are unaccustomed to operating or caring for complicated appliances, so personnel should bring only those they plan to use themselves.

Except for the stove, all appliances including the hot water heater are electrical. External gas tanks supply the gas ranges. GSO provides cooking gas refills as needed.

Temporary Quarters Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:38 AM

Every effort is made to place personnel in their permanent housing assignment upon arrival. If the assigned residence is not yet available, personnel will be placed in temporary quarters or one of several good-quality hotels until their permanent quarters are ready.

Permanent Housing Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:39 AM

The Ambassador's residence is in Bourdon, a residential neighborhood about three miles from downtown. Built on a hilltop by the U.S. Marine Corps, it boasts a large pool, tennis/basketball court, three expansive lawns, a large patio and terrace, a three-quarter mile walking path, breathtaking views, and both flower and vegetable gardens. The DCM resides at Petit-Paradis, a spacious Government-leased home in Juvenat with an elegant pool and covered bar terrace for entertaining. The Marine House, located in Pacot, is about 10 minutes from the Embassy.

All Mission personnel are assigned to government-leased or -owned housing. This varies from charming old-style houses with high ceilings, large windows, and obsolete fixtures to apartments, duplexes and newer houses. Many of the houses and apartment buildings have swimming pools. All homes are equipped with grills and safe havens to meet security standards for Port-au-Prince.

Furnishings Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:40 AM

Port-au-Prince is a furnished post, and GSO provides all homes with a standard furniture package. Air-conditioners are provided for bedrooms and most living space except kitchens and common areas. Some older Haitian homes are "Caribbean open-air" architecture. In these homes, living and dining areas may not be air-conditioned. A refrigerator with freezer or a separate freezer, a gas range, and washer and dryer are also included. All homes come with generators on automatic power transfer.

Personnel of all agencies should bring to post or be prepared to order the following basic items: kitchen utensils, china, glasses, silverware, table linens, light blankets, pillows, bed linens, electric fans, multiple outlet plugs, extension cords, and voltage regulators. A high-quality UPS is essential for computer equipment.

Most household items are available locally but at prices well above those in the U.S. Attractive wrought iron and wicker furniture can be made locally if a picture or sketch is provided. Most houses have tile floors. Rugs add hominess but are not essential. Locally made sisal or palm straw rugs are available. While some standard area carpets may be available for issue, carpets are not generally included in the furniture package. Window coverings are provided for primary rooms such as living rooms, bedrooms and family rooms.

Utilities and Equipment Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:40 AM

The Port-au-Prince water supply is inadequate. All housing receives water (for requirements other than drinking) by a cistern and water pump system. While intermittent city water supplements some cistern storage, water truck deliveries supply almost all homes. GSO regularly supplies drinking water in five gallon bottles to all residences.

The electrical system in Port-au-Prince is overburdened, and outages are frequent. City power is often rationed to various sections of the city day and night. Embassy homes have government-owned generators, which are used during power shortages. Current is 115v, 60 cycles. Transformers are not necessary, but voltage regulators are useful, and a UPS is invaluable for sustaining computer function. For large appliances, 110-220v, 60-cycle, three-wire, single-phase, AC current is available. Domestics are unaccustomed to operating or caring for complicated appliances, so personnel should bring only those they plan to use themselves.

Except for the stove, all appliances including the hot water heater are electrical. External gas tanks supply the gas ranges. GSO provides cooking gas refills as needed.

Food Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:44 AM

Port-au-Prince offers a surprising variety of food products. Since the arrival of the U.N., the availability of Latin American, Asian and Middle Eastern specialty food products has increased. Normally, there is a fairly wide variety of packaged, canned and frozen foods. It is also not uncommon to see sour cream, cream cheese, French and American cheeses, chips, salsa, diet coke, etc. However, keep in mind many items are imported and retail at prices well above the U.S. level. Many products are often beyond their peak upon arrival, and many are past their expiration date as well. The only types of milk available are: dry, long-life (UHT), and soy milk.

Local beef, pork and chicken are available, but somewhat below U.S. standards. A frozen food importer brings in high quality meats from the U.S, but prices are very high. Local markets will sell the following vegetables (in season): tomatoes, string beans, peas, avocados, beets, carrots, eggplant, squash, lettuce, cabbage, onions, garlic, parsley, artichokes, cauliflower, potatoes, and radishes. The following fruits are also seasonally available: limes, papayas, mangoes, oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, pineapples, bananas, guavas, passion fruit, and various melons.

Uncooked vegetables or unpeeled fruit should be washed and treated with a chlorine solution as a disinfectant. Most household help is trained to do this.

Port-au-Prince is currently an authorized consumables post. Personnel assigned to a 2-year tour are authorized 2,500 pounds regardless of family size. It is recommended that the consumables allowance include paper products and disposable items, washing and cleaning products (including laundry detergent), dry cereals, decaffeinated coffee (the local Haitian coffee is good but not available decaffeinated), any preferred canned fruits or vegetables, and any special spices. Housing storage facilities are generally adequate.

The Chancery and USAID have a snack bar that serves sandwiches, salads, daily lunch specials and breakfast.

Clothing Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:48 AM

Lightweight clothing is worn year round, with a sweater or jacket occasionally useful in winter. The average temperature in Port-au-Prince is 80°F. Raincoats are not worn, as they are too warm, but umbrellas are useful. A lightweight sweater or jacket is needed for trips to the mountains. Local dry cleaning services are available; however they tend to be harsher than State side dry cleaning services.

Men

Suits, ties and sport coats are generally worn by Embassy staff and are also appropriate for some evening social events. Haitian dress is surprisingly formal. Men wear dark business suits for professional events, including receptions. Formal evening functions are rare, but senior officers should bring appropriate apparel. For men, black or white dinner jackets will suffice. It is advisable to bring or order clothing from the U.S. Senior officers going to formal events in the summer should have a light colored cotton suit. Haitian tradition calls for white suits, but foreign diplomats increasingly opt for tan suits.

Women

In public, women wear dresses, skirts, blouses, slacks and tops. Lightweight, washable cottons or synthetic cotton mixtures are most comfortable. A limited selection of Haitian-embroidered linen dresses are sold locally but at high prices.

At professional events in the evening, a light suit or cocktail dress is appropriate. Most entertaining is informal. Evening wear has become quite casual for women. If you plan to attend the Marine Ball in November, you should plan to bring a formal dress.

Lingerie is available locally but is very expensive or of second quality. Nylon lingerie can be too hot for the Port-au-Prince climate. Hosiery is optional and rarely worn.

Locally made sandals are reasonably priced and available in the markets, but not very comfortable to wear. It is wise to bring footwear and tennis shoes from the U.S. Many beaches are stony, and sea urchins are numerous, so bathing shoes of some type are useful.

Gloves and hats are rarely seen at social functions but occasionally may be worn at weddings, funerals, or church services. A limited supply of bathing suits are available locally, but they are expensive and of poor quality.

Children

Children who attend the Union School wear uniforms. The uniforms are available exclusively from the school. Be sure to bring a black belt for the uniform. Tennis shoes are appropriate for footwear. Play clothes are worn to children's parties. Most teenage entertaining is casual, but an occasional function may require a jacket. The availability of beaches and pools means it is wise to bring a generous supply of swimwear, beach toys and towels.

Men Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Suits and ties are generally worn by Embassy staff and are also appropriate in the more expensive restaurants and for most evening social events. For formal morning occasions, men wear dark business suits. Formal evening functions are rare, but senior officers should bring appropriate apparel. For men, black or white dinner jackets will suffice. It is advisable to bring or order clothing from the U.S.

Women Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

In public, women wear dresses, skirts and blouses, or slacks and tops. Lightweight, washable cottons or synthetic cotton mixtures are most comfortable. A limited selection of Haitian-embroidered linen dresses is sold locally but at high prices.

Most entertaining is informal. Evening wear has become quite casual for women. They may occasionally need cocktail dresses and should bring a long dress for formal functions, like the annual Marine Ball.

Lingerie is available locally but is very expensive or of second quality. Nylon lingerie can be too hot for the Port-au-Prince climate. Hosiery is optional and rarely worn.

Locally made sandals are reasonably priced and available in the markets, but not very comfortable to wear. It is wise to bring other footwear and tennis shoes from the U.S. Many beaches are stony, and sea urchins are numerous, so bathing shoes of some type are useful.

Gloves and hats are rarely seen at social functions but occasionally may be worn at weddings, funerals, or church services. A limited supply of bathing suits is available locally, but they are expensive and of poor quality.

Children Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Children in all grades at Union School wear uniforms. The uniforms are available exclusively from the school. Play clothes are worn to children's parties. Most teenage entertaining is casual, but an occasional function may require a jacket. The availability of beaches and pools means it is wise to bring a generous supply of swimwear, beach toys, and towels.

Supplies and Services Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:45 AM

Supplies

Most well known brands of American toiletries and cosmetics are available but are much more expensive. French and European toiletries and cosmetics are also available. It is wise to include preferred brands of shampoo, toothpaste, vitamins, and drugstore items in the consumables shipment. Be sure to send pool equipment such as a vacuum, nets, brush, etc. (check with GSO to see if they are already at your home) as they are very expensive in Haiti. Grills (both gas and charcoal) are very expensive in Haiti, so grillers should plan ahead and ship their own.

Families with school-age children should bring basic school supplies (notebooks, paper, pencils, rulers, erasers and an agenda book, etc.), since those on the local market are expensive and not of good quality.

Haitian fabric material is of poor quality, and imported fabrics are available but expensive. Craft supplies (knitting wool, patterns and needles, crochet materials, needlepoint yarns, paints, brushes, easels, sewing fabrics, threads, etc) are difficult to find. It is advantageous to bring ample supplies for favorite activities, as Haiti provides the time to pursue these special interests.

Also bring flutes, violins, violas, guitars, and drums; and don't forget the sheet music. The Episcopal Cathedral has a philharmonic orchestra that welcomes expatriates and give periodic concerts. Embassy musicians, when they find each other, often enjoy getting together for some chamber music or a jam session.

Basic Services

Tailoring is inadequate for most types of men's clothing. Prices for low-quality tailor-made suits are reasonable, but most personnel prefer clothing retailed in the U.S.

Dressmakers are available. Shoe repair often takes place on the street and is quite satisfactory. Dry cleaning service is available. Most Embassy personnel have household help to do the laundry and ironing.

Beauty shops are available and offer services such as haircuts, coloring, facials, massages, waxing, etc. While hair coloring services are offered it is advisable to bring your preferred color with you.

Reliable radio, stereo, TV and VCR repair is very difficult to obtain. Parts are scarce, and technical capability is low.

In all of these service areas, language ability, or lack thereof, usually compounds any problem.

Domestic Help

Domestic help is readily available. A competent, full-time cook, maid or nanny receives ~US $100 - 150 (some people pay in gourdes others in US dollars), plus allowances for transport and/or food depending on whether the employee lives-in or out. Maids who do not cook are paid less, and gardeners are paid proportionate to the number of days they work. Most domestics do not understand English but generally can get by in French. This can cause frustration in communicating with household staff.

Supplies Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Most well known brands of American toiletries and cosmetics are available but much more expensive. French and European toiletries and cosmetics are also available. It is wise to include preferred brands of shampoo, toothpaste, vitamins, and drugstore items in the consumables shipment. Also send pool equipment such as vacuum, nets, brush, etc., as they are expensive in Haiti, if they can be obtained at all.

Families with school-age children should bring basic school supplies (notebooks, paper, pencils, etc.), since those on the local market are expensive and not of good quality.

Haitian fabric material is of poor quality, and imported fabrics are available but expensive. Craft supplies (knitting wool, patterns and needles, crochet materials, needlepoint yarns, paints, brushes, easels, sewing fabrics, threads, etc.) are difficult to find. It is advantageous to bring ample supplies for favorite activities, as Haiti provides the time to pursue these special interests.

Also bring flutes, violins, violas, guitars, and drums; and don't forget the sheet music. The Episcopal Cathedral has a philharmonic orchestra that welcomes expatriates and gives periodic concerts. Embassy musicians, when they find each other, often enjoy getting together for some chamber music or a jam session.

Basic Services Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Tailoring is inadequate for most types of men's clothing. Prices for low-quality tailor-made suits are reasonable, but most personnel prefer clothing retailed in the U.S.

Dressmakers are available. Shoe repair often takes place on the street and is quite satisfactory. Dry cleaning service is available. Most Embassy personnel have household help to do the laundry and ironing.

Good beauty shops are more expensive than in the U.S. They offer hair coloring service, but it is advisable to bring your preferred color with you.

Reliable radio, stereo, TV and VCR repair is very difficult to obtain. Parts are scarce, and technical capability is low.

In all of these service areas, language ability, or lack thereof, usually compounds any problem.

Domestic Help Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Domestic help is readily available. A competent, full-time cook receives anywhere from 450 to 675 Haitian dollars per month (US$100-US$150 at 2001 exchange rates), plus allowances for transport and/or food depending on whether the employee lives in or out. Maids who do not cook are paid less, and gardeners are paid proportionate to the number of days they work. Most domestics do not understand English; many do not understand French. This often causes difficulty in dealing with household staff.

Religious Activities Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:46 AM

Haiti is predominately a Roman Catholic country. Parish churches are located throughout the city, and the Port-au-Prince Cathedral is in the city center. Mass is traditionally said in French or Creole. An English Mass is held at 9:30 Sunday morning at the Villa Manrese in the Turgeau area.

Protestant services are held on Sunday mornings at the Episcopal Church of St. James in Petionville and at the Quisqueya Chapel, a nondenominational church in Port-au-Prince. The Quisqueya Chapel also has Sunday school classes, Bible study groups, and a Sunday evening worship service. Services are held on Saturday mornings at the Church of the Adventist University of Haiti in Diquini.

Members of the Jewish and Muslim communities usually hold services in their homes.

Voudou (voodoo) plays a central part in the religious life of many Haitians. It is essentially a bringing together of beliefs and rituals of African origin, loosely tied to Catholic practices. Some understanding of voodoo is essential to an understanding of Haiti.

Education Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:49 AM

Dependent Education

At Post

The Haitian school system includes primary through university levels and is based on the French system, with classes taught in French or Creole. Embassy children seldom attend Haitian schools beyond the nursery or kindergarten level.

Most American Embassy children in Port-au-Prince attend the Union School, a fully accredited school. Classes are taught in English, with French a required subject in all grades at the elementary level. Spanish is also offered beginning in grade 10. The Union School is open to all nationalities and offers a program from Pre-K through grade 12. It has a capacity of 400 children and should be notified well in advance of enrollment plans for arriving children, particularly if they involve a midterm transfer. The majority of the student body consists of citizens of Haiti, supplemented by a small American and expatriate population.

When planning enrollment in the Union School, students should bring with them complete school records, including report cards and test results. Tuition fees, for kindergarten through grade 12 , are covered by the post educational allowance. A one-time application fee of $150 per child is nonreimbursable. School hours are from 7:45 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. The school year normally begins toward the end of August and finishes in early June. Students at the Union School wear uniforms from kindergarten through grade 12, as do children in all Haitian schools. Children attending the Union School ordinarily have no difficulty transferring to U.S. schools.

The Union School has a Learning Center for children with very mild learning difficulties. The school is generally recognized to have an adequate elementary program. Its high school curriculum has an advanced placement program, but there is no international baccalaureate available.

The Quisqueya Christian School also provides English-language schooling from kindergarten through grade 12. The school is open to all nationalities and is attended by many American missionary children. It has an enrollment of about 200, and the staff are American educated. The school was founded "to provide American-style Christian education primarily for the English-speaking children of North American Protestant missionaries residing in Port-au-Prince." Their mission is to minister to these children "in their educational and spiritual needs by providing them with a Christ-centered education." The school's admission policy is somewhat stringent. Security restrictions can make access to this school problematic or impossible at times.

From time to time some Embassy children have attended the Alexander-Payne Preparatory School, a tiny, private day school offering educational programs from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. A fully trained U.S. citizen teacher runs this program from her home. Enrollment is typically between five and ten students. The program is not accredited and there are no sports or after-hours programs. Instruction is in English with U.S. materials.

Under certain circumstances, a special allowance rate may be granted for a "home course" in lieu of attendance at a local school.

Away From Post

Post is provided with an "away from post" education allowance for grades 9 -12 for personnel who to prefer their children to study in the U.S. or elsewhere.

Higher Education Opportunities

Creole, French, German, and Spanish classes for adults are taught at local language facilities. Private tutors are also available for these languages.

Classes are available for voice and most musical instruments (piano, violin, viola, and guitar) and for ballet, jazz, tap, Haitian dance, ballroom dance, and Spanish dance. Health clubs and studios offer adult and children's classes in aerobics, judo, and karate. Painting and sculpture lessons are available at local art studios. Many Haitian children take dance and instrumental lessons.

Dependent Education

At Post Last Updated: 11/14/2003 11:01 AM The Haitian school system includes primary through university levels and is based on the French system, with classes taught in French or Creole. Embassy children seldom attend Haitian schools beyond the nursery or kindergarten level.

Most American Embassy children in Port-au-Prince attend the SACS-accredited Union School. Classes are taught in English, with French a required subject in all grades at the elementary level. Spanish is also offered beginning in grade 10. The Union School is open to all nationalities and offers a program from preschool through grade 12. It has a capacity of 244 children and should be notified well in advance of enrollment plans for arriving children, particularly if they involve a midterm transfer.

When planning enrollment in the Union School, students should bring with them complete school records, including report cards and test results. Tuition fees, for kindergarten through grade 12 only, are covered by the post educational allowance. A one-time application fee of $150 per child is nonreimbursable. School hours are from 7:45 a.m. to 2:48 p.m. The school year normally begins toward the end of August and finishes in early June. Students at the Union School wear uniforms from kindergarten through grade 12, as do children in all Haitian schools. Children attending the Union School ordinarily have no difficulty transferring to U.S. schools.

The Union School has a Learning Center for children with mild to merate learning difficulties, and it is generally recognized to have a very good elementary school program. Its high school curriculum has an advanced placement program, but there is no international baccalaureate available.

The Quisqueya Christian School also provides English-language schooling from kindergarten through grade 12. The school is open to all nationalities and is attended by many American missionary children. It has an enrollment of about 200, and the staff are American educated. The school was founded "to provide American-style Christian education primarily for the English-speaking children of North American Protestant missionaries residing in Port-au-Prince." Their mission is to minister to these children "in their educational and spiritual needs by providing them with a Christ-centered education." The school's admission policy is somewhat stringent.

In 1999, some Embassy children began attending the Alexander-Payne Preparatory School, a small private co-educational day school offering educational programs from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. The curriculum is that of a U.S.-style general academic and college-preparatory public school. Instruction is in English. The elementary school currently uses the Calvert home instruction program. The high school curriculum is conducted in conjunction with the University of Nebraska Independent High School, located in Lincoln, Nebraska. There is no Physical Education or Athletics program. Please note, however, that the school is not U.S.-accredited. All teachers, though not certified, have previous teaching experience.

Under certain circumstances, a special allowance rate may be granted for a "home course" in lieu of attendance at a local school. Currently, Embassy transportation to and from school is only provided for the Union School.

Away From Post Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM Some Government personnel prefer to send their children to school in the U.S., particularly for the high school years. Choice of school is made by parents, conditioned on the child's acceptance. Augmented post allowances are provided for "away from post" education for grades 9 to 12.

Higher Education Opportunities Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Creole, French, German, and Spanish classes for adults are taught at local language facilities. Private tutors are also available for these languages.

There are classes available for voice and most musical instruments (piano, violin, viola, and guitar) and for ballet, jazz, tap, and Spanish dance. Health clubs and studios offer adult and children's classes in aerobics, judo, and karate. Painting and sculpture lessons are available at local art studios. The music specialist at the Union School also gives piano lessons. Many Haitian children take dance and instrumental lessons. Owing to the popularity of the programs, newly arrived children are sometimes put on waiting lists for lesson openings.

Recreation and Social Life Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:40 AM

Sports

Sports activities in Haiti are found primarily in private clubs. (There are no organized sports facilities such as the YMCA.) The Petionville Club, about 3 miles from downtown Port-au-Prince, sits on a hill overlooking the bay, and its grounds adjoin the Ambassador's residence. Included in its 145 acres are a rugged nine-hole golf course, six tennis courts (four lighted), a 75-foot swimming pool (which can be enjoyed by children), and a clubhouse with dance floor, dining, bar, and locker accommodations. Membership is available to Mission personnel at a reduced rate. Charges include an initiation fee, monthly dues, and a quarterly consumption charge. There are some tennis clubs in Port-au-Prince open to Mission personnel. These often have social facilities available in addition to the tennis courts. Most clubs require an initiation fee and/or monthly dues.

Personnel are advised to bring their own athletic equipment to post. Tennis and golf balls are sold locally but at a higher price.

In 2004 a rugged walking path was completed around the Ambassador's residence. The path is approximately three-quarters of a mile in length and is open to official personnel and their family members. You may also book a time slot on the Ambassador's sports court (tennis or basketball) by reservation. On Wednesday evenings and Saturday mornings, Mission personnel gather to play basketball at the Ambassador's residence.

There is an active Hash House Harriers group in Port-au-Prince that meets every other Saturday for runs/walks.

Touring and Outdoor Activities

A great deal of Haiti's outdoor life centers on its coastal waters and beaches. There are safe and pleasant beaches about a 90-minute drive from Port-au-Prince, and a number of these beaches have overnight and restaurant facilities. Swimming and snorkeling are ideal for all ages.

Scuba diving is popular in Haiti, but divers should bring their own tanks. There is one place in Port-au-Prince that will refill tanks, but only up to 2,200 pounds, unless you have your own compressor. The Cormier Plage Beach Resort, adjacent to Cap Haitien on the north coast, rents equipment. The most popular diving locations are in Les Arcadins, a two-hour drive north of Port-au-Prince. Scuba-diving instruction for certification at both beginning and advanced levels is available at Pegasus Services next door to the Kaliko Beach Club. The cost for a basic PADI certification is US$350.

Some members of the international community own sailboats and motorboats, and there is a small marina at Ibo Beach.

Unstable political conditions have restricted the formerly good hunting for ducks, guinea hens, wild pigeons, and doves. Hunters should check with the Regional Security Officer because regulations change.

Kenscoff (45 minutes from Port-au- Prince) is a town at an altitude of 4,500 feet, set in mountains as high as 6,500 feet. The weather is cool year round and may even be cold in the winter. Although the road has suffered wear and tear, people enjoy visiting Kenscoff on weekends. There are some wonderful places to hike. The scenery in the mountains is extraordinary, and travelers like to stop en route to visit the Baptist Mission's arts-and-crafts shop and have lunch in its pleasant restaurant. For historic content, Forts Jacques and Alexandre can be added to the itinerary.

Cap Haitien (157 miles from Port-au-Prince, 7 hours by car), Haiti's second largest city, is of primary interest because of its historic past. The famed Citadelle Laferriere, often referred to as the "eighth wonder of the world," was built in the early 19th century on a 3,000-foot peak overlooking Cap Haitien. Below the Citadelle is Milot, where one can visit the ruins of Henri Christophe's Sans Souci Palace. Above Milot, horses can be rented for the uphill ride to the Citadelle. Cap Haitien has adequate hotel facilities, with two very pleasant seaside resorts nearby.

Jacmel (73 miles from Port-au-Prince, 3 hours by car) is on the southern peninsula and well known for its beaches. It is a picturesque town with turn-of-the-century architecture, a small iron market, and a few small art galleries. Jacmel has beaches inside the town and nearby at Carrefour Raymond. The town offers a wide variety of lodging, from bed and breakfasts to hotels with restaurants. The road to Jacmel is in good condition.

Les Cayes (125 miles from Port-au- Prince, 4 hours by car) is the principal city of the southern peninsula and the third largest city in Haiti. The city itself has little to offer, but the road from the capital passes through beautiful and interesting country. One of the best beaches in Haiti, Port-Salut, is nearby and has a restaurant and hotel. Les Cayes has two satisfactory hotels, one on the outskirts and one in the city. Les Cayes is also the jumping off point to Ile a Vache, a beautiful, refreshing island resort about an hour offshore.

Entertainment

The Haitian art scene has attracted worldwide attention since 1946, when English teacher DeWitt Peters brought Hector Hippolyte, Philomene Obin, and other greats of Haiti's primitive art scene to the attention of the world's art establishment. One of the unique experiences of living in Haiti is the chance to visit the studios and galleries of the artists carrying on this fascinating tradition.

Haiti has no concert or theater series, but the Philharmonic Orchestra of Saint Trinite Cathedral presents seasonal concerts of classical music. The cathedral provides a locale for the all-too-rare performances by visiting soloists or chamber groups. On occasion, the Ambassador hosts visiting talents in performances at the residence.

The Musee d'Art Haitien, on the Champs-de-Mars, houses both standing and rotating art exhibits.

Private art galleries abound in the Port-au-Prince area, but one that holds a special place in Haitian hearts is the Jean- Rene Jerome Museum, opened in the mid-1980s to honor the much-revered artist.

There are few archeological sites in Haiti, but the late Dr. William Hodges of the Good Samaritan Hospital in Limbe, during his 30-year career in the country, had as an avocation a search for the site where Columbus landed his first expedition on the north coast. If one is traveling to Cap Haitien by car, a stopover to visit Dr. Hodges' small museum in Limbe should be considered. For the real enthusiast, a journey to the east of Cap Haitien takes one to the site that Dr. Hodges' research led him to conclude was the actual spot where Columbus established the first colony in the New World.

Video clubs in Port-au-Prince feature both videos and DVDs. The Community Liaison Officer at the Embassy has a video lending library although the selection is limited. The Marine Security Guard detachment receives and shows U.S. films at the Marine House on an intermittent basis. Many Embassy personnel have begun to subscribe to NetFlix renting and returning DVDs through the pouch.

There are a number of good restaurants in the area. Excellent French cuisine and exotic Caribbean fusion cooking can be had at the pricier establishments. The larger hotels have dining rooms that feature special buffets, Sunday brunches, and an occasional floorshow. A few nightclubs provide Haitian or disco music, and there

are two hotel casinos.

Coverage of the entertainment scene in Haiti cannot neglect Carnival where dancing in the streets takes place every Sunday after Christmas and culminates in Mardi Gras, the 2 days before Ash Wednesday. Musical groups called Rara bands dance across the countryside during the pre-Lenten season. Many Haitians join in these singing and dancing festivities, and drinking is excessive. Things tend to become rowdy, and foreigners usually prefer to watch these celebrations on TV.

Social Activities

Most entertaining takes place informally in the home. Single people generally find sports clubs or outdoor activities the most satisfactory way to socialize. As most Haitians do not receive high salaries, it is often difficult for them to return hospitality. There is an International Women's Association of Haiti (IWAH) that meets monthly. It provides a welcome to new American Mission women, sponsors seasonal parties for the children, and is open to any activities or projects for which members indicate enthusiasm. The local churches have groups to which all are welcome to join.

Sports Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Sports activities in Haiti are found primarily in private clubs. (There are no organized sports facilities such as the YMCA.) The Petionville Club, about 3 miles from downtown Port-au-Prince, is on a hill overlooking the bay, and its grounds adjoin the Ambassador's residence. Included in its 145 acres are a rugged nine-hole golf course, six tennis courts (four lighted), a 75-foot swimming pool (which can be enjoyed by children), and a clubhouse with dance floor, dining, bar, and locker accommodations. Membership is available to Mission personnel. Charges include an initiation fee, monthly dues, and a quarterly consumption charge. There are some tennis clubs in Port-au-Prince open to Mission personnel. These often have social facilities available in addition to the tennis courts. Most clubs require an initiation fee and/or monthly dues.

Personnel are advised to bring their own athletic equipment to post. Tennis and golf balls are sold locally but at a higher price.

Touring and Outdoor Activities Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

A great deal of Haiti's outdoor life centers on its coastal waters and beaches. There are safe and pleasant beaches about a 60-minute drive from Port-au-Prince, and a number of these beaches have overnight and restaurant facilities. Swimming and snorkeling are ideal for all ages.

Scuba diving is popular in Haiti, but divers should bring their own tanks. There is one place in Port-au-Prince that will refill tanks, but only up to 2,200 pounds, unless you have your own compressor. The Cormier Plage Beach Resort, adjacent to Cap Haitien on the north coast, rents equipment. The most popular diving locations are in Les Arcadins, a two-hour drive north of Port-au-Prince. Scuba-diving instruction for certification at both beginning and advanced levels is available at Pegasus Services next door to the Kaliko Beach Club. The cost for a basic PADI certification is US$350.

Some members of the international community own sailboats and motorboats, and there is a small marina at Ibo Beach.

Unstable political conditions have restricted the formerly good hunting for ducks, guinea hens, wild pigeons, and doves. Hunters should check with the Regional Security Officer because regulations change.

Kenscoff (45 minutes from Port-au- Prince) is a town at an altitude of 4,500 feet, set in mountains as high as 6,500 feet. It is cool year round and may even be cold in winter. Although the road has suffered wear and tear, people enjoy visiting Kenscoff on weekends. There are some wonderful places to hike. The scenery in the mountains is extraordinary, and travelers like to stop en route to visit the Baptist Fermathe Mission's arts-and-crafts shop and have lunch in its pleasant restaurant. For historic content, Forts Jacques and Alexandre can be added to the itinerary.

Cap Haitien (157 miles from Port-au-Prince, 7 hours by car), Haiti's second largest city, is of primary interest because of its historic past. The famed Citadelle Laferriere, often referred to as the "eighth wonder of the world," was built in the early 19th century on a 3,000-foot peak overlooking Cap Haitien. Below the Citadelle is Milot, where one can visit the ruins of Henri Christophe's Sans Souci Palace. Above Milot, horses can be rented for the uphill ride to the Citadelle. Cap Haitien has adequate hotel facilities, with two very pleasant seaside resorts nearby.

Jacmel (73 miles from Port-au-Prince, 3 hours by car) is on the southern peninsula and well known for its beaches. It is a picturesque town with turn-of-the-century architecture, a small iron market, and a few small art galleries. Jacmel has beaches inside the town and nearby at Carrefour Raymond. The town offers a wide variety of lodging, from bed and breakfasts to hotels with restaurants. The road to Jacmel is in good condition.

Les Cayes (125 miles from Port-au- Prince, 4 hours by car) is the principal city of the southern peninsula and the third largest city in Haiti. The city itself has little to offer, but the road from the capital passes through beautiful and interesting country. One of the best beaches in Haiti, Port-Salut, is nearby and has a restaurant and hotel. Les Cayes has two satisfactory hotels, one on the outskirts and one in the city.

Entertainment Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

The Haitian art scene has attracted worldwide attention since 1946, when English teacher DeWitt Peters brought Hector Hippolyte, Philomene Obin, and other greats of Haiti's primitive art scene to the attention of the world's art establishment. One of the unique experiences of living in Haiti is the chance to visit the studios and galleries of the artists carrying on this fascinating tradition.

Haiti has no concert or theater series, but the Philharmonic Orchestra of Saint Trinite Cathedral presents seasonal concerts of classical music. The cathedral provides a locale for the all-too-rare performances by visiting soloists or chamber groups. On occasion, the Ambassador hosts visiting talent in performance at the residence.

The Musee d'Art Haitien, on the Champs-de-Mars, houses both standing and rotating art exhibits.

Private art galleries abound in the Port-au-Prince area, but one that holds a special place in Haitian hearts is the Jean- Rene Jerome Museum, opened in the mid-1980s to honor the much-revered artist.

There are few archeological sites in Haiti, but the late Dr. William Hodges of the Good Samaritan Hospital in Limbe, during his 30-year career in the country, had as an avocation a search for the site where Columbus landed his first expedition on the north coast. If one is traveling to Cap Haitien by car, a stopover to visit Dr. Hodges' small museum in Limbe should be considered. For the real enthusiast, a journey to the east of Cap Haitien takes one to the site that Dr. Hodges' research led him to conclude was the actual spot where Columbus established the first colony in the New World.

Port-au-Prince has several movie houses, of which the Imperial is considered the largest and most comfortable. Most films shown are French films, and even American films are dubbed in French. Video clubs in Port-au-Prince feature both VHS and Beta systems. The Community Liaison Officer at the Embassy has a video lending library although the selection is limited and stagnant. The Marine Security Guard detachment receives and shows U.S. films at the Marine House on an intermittent basis, frequently following a Friday evening "happy hour."

There are a number of good restaurants in the area. Excellent French cuisine can be had at the pricier establishments. The larger hotels have dining rooms that feature special buffets, Sunday brunches, and an occasional floorshow. A few nightclubs provide Haitian or disco music, and there are two hotel casinos.

Coverage of the entertainment scene in Haiti cannot neglect Carnival where dancing in the streets takes place every Sunday after Christmas and culminates in Mardi Gras, the 2 days before Ash Wednesday. Musical groups called Rara bands dance across the countryside during the pre-Lenten season. Many Haitians join in these singing and dancing festivities, and drinking is excessive. Things tend to become rowdy, and foreigners usually prefer to watch these celebrations on TV.

Social Activities Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Most entertaining takes place informally in the home. Single people generally find sports clubs or outdoor activities the most satisfactory way to socialize. As most Haitians do not receive high salaries, it is often difficult for them to return hospitality. There is an International Women's Association of Haiti (IWAH) that meets monthly. It provides a welcome to new American Mission women, sponsors seasonal parties for the children, and is open to any activities or projects for which members indicate enthusiasm. The local churches have women's groups to which all are welcome to join. The Quisqueya Chapel sponsors periodic men's breakfasts at a local hotel. These are open to all men in the community.

Official Functions Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:39 AM

Except for the Ambassador, the DCM, and a few senior officers who give and attend functions involving officials and members of the diplomatic corps, most official entertaining is limited to Haitian business, educational, and professional people. Formal dress is not required, but black-tie dinners are occasionally held at the ambassadorial level.

Nature of Functions

Except for the Ambassador, the DCM, and a few senior officers who give and attend functions involving officials and members of the diplomatic corps, most official entertaining is limited to Haitian business, educational, and professional people. Formal dress is not required, but black-tie dinners are occasionally held at the ambassadorial level.

Standards of Social Conduct

Newly arriving officers are advised to have calling cards made before coming to Haiti, as they are widely used in contacts with Haitians and other diplomatic missions. Cards can be printed locally, but prices are high. Appropriated funds are not available for business or calling cards. However, R&R (Reception and Representation) appropriations are available for business cards for employees whose jobs include representation. Suggested quantities are: Ambassador, 500 cards; DCM, 200 cards; other officers, 100 cards. "Mr. and Mrs." cards and informal note cards are also useful.

Nature of Functions Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Except for the Ambassador, the DCM, and a few senior officers who give and attend functions involving officials and members of the diplomatic corps, most official entertaining is limited to Haitian business, educational, and professional people. Formal dress is not required, but black-tie dinners are occasionally held at the ambassadorial level.

Standards of Social Conduct Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Newly arriving officers are advised to have calling cards made before coming to Haiti, as they are widely used in contacts with Haitians and other diplomatic missions. Cards can be printed locally, but prices are high. Appropriated funds are not available for business or calling cards. However, R&R (Reception and Representation) appropriations are available for business cards for employees whose jobs include representation. Suggested quantities are: Ambassador, 500 cards; DCM, 200 cards; other officers, 100 cards. "Mr. and Mrs." cards and informal note cards are also useful.

Special Information Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:49 AM

Post Orientation Program

Agency heads brief new staff members upon their arrival. The Community Liaison Office (CLO) arranges periodic orientation seminars and trips to help new staff and their family members become acquainted with the Embassy and Port-au-Prince. New arrivals are assigned a sponsor, and the post provides a Welcome Kit of essential household items to be used until the employee's air shipment and HHE arrive. French and/or Creole language classes may be held at the Embassy, depending on availability of funds.

Notes For Travelers

Getting to the Post Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:50 AM

Getting to the Post

Include clothing suitable for a tropical climate as well as personal item in both accompanied baggage and airfreight shipment. An adequate amount of household items will be in Post's Welcome Kit to allow you to perform daily household functions. These items include but are not limited to a limited supply of everyday china, silverware, towels, washcloths, pots and pans, cleaning utensils and linens. Personnel should be aware that the arrival of airfreight shipments to Haiti could take up to 6 weeks. You are encouraged to ship your UAB at least two weeks before arrival at Post.

Customs, Duties, and Passage Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:51 AM

Customs and Duties

All U.S. personnel are entitled to duty-free importation of personal-use articles. All surface shipments must have an original bill of lading. Haitian customs are somewhat haphazard; delays in receiving shipments often occur after shipments arrive in country.

Passage

Surface shipments from the U.S. must be sent via the U.S. Despatch Agent. Notify the Embassy or appropriate agency in advance of each shipment coming to post. An original bill of lading should accompany each surface freight shipment.

As shipments do NOT have to enter the country under the Ambassador's name, address them as follows:

American Embassy

Port-au-Prince, HAITI

For: (Employee's Name)

All shipments must be cleared through Haitian Customs, a procedure that usually takes about 2 weeks. Send items needed upon arrival by airfreight as far in advance as possible. Use the airfreight (unaccompanied baggage) allowance to the fullest. Send the necessary documentation for airfreight shipments to the Embassy as soon as possible.

For information on automobiles, see Transportation-Automobiles.

Pets

GSO provides limited assistance in handling pets. If you are planning to bring a pet to post, you must check airline restrictions on pet travel and make reservations well in advance. All pets are required to have a recent veterinarian's clearance and International Certificate of Health stating they have had a current rabies vaccination and are free from disease. For further information, consult OTO (Travel) before bringing a pet. There is good veterinary care at Post.

Please note, American Airlines does not exempt diplomats from the pet embargo. During the summer months (generally May 15 - September 15) cats and dogs cannot be sent via cargo to Port-au-Prince. If the animal is small enough American Airlines will allow a small number of pets to travel in the passenger cabin. However, it is essential to make these reservations well in advance. More recently, there have been temperature restrictions imposed by American Airlines. If any points of travel are above 75°F Fahrenheit (lower for snub nosed dogs and cats) American Airlines will not allow the animal(s) to travel as cargo. For more details, contact American Airlines.

Customs and Duties Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

All U.S. personnel are entitled to duty-free importation of personal-use articles. All surface shipments should have a consular invoice and original bill of lading. Haitian customs is somewhat haphazard; delays in receiving shipments often occur after shipments arrive in country.

Passage Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

Surface shipments from the U.S. should be sent via the U.S. Despatch Agent. Notify the Embassy or appropriate agency in advance of each shipment coming to post. An original bill of lading should accompany each surface freight shipment.

As shipments do not have to enter the country under the Ambassador's name, address them as follows:

American Embassy Port-au-Prince, HAITI For: (Employee's Name)

All shipments must be cleared through Haitian Customs, a procedure that usually takes about 2 weeks. Send items needed upon arrival by airfreight as far in advance as possible. Use the airfreight (unaccompanied baggage) allowance to the fullest. Send the necessary documentation for airfreight shipments to the Embassy as soon as possible.

For information on automobiles, see Transportation—Automobiles.

Pets Last Updated: 10/31/2002 6:00 PM

All pets are required to have a recent veterinarian's clearance stating that they have had a current rabies vaccination and are free from disease. For further information, consult the General Services Office (GSO) before shipping a pet. American Airlines does not exempt diplomats from the pet embargo during the summer months and cats cannot be shipped to Port-au-Prince during the period May 15 thru September 15.

Firearms and Ammunition Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:54 AM

Any employee desiring to bring a weapon to post is required to have the authorization of the Chief of Mission prior to shipping any weapon for personal or official use. Requesting this authorization may be done via cable through the RSO Office, and should include the make, model, and serial number of the weapon(s) along with a description of intended use. It should be noted that authorization to import a weapon does not confer the right to carry the weapon outside the home or office.

Currency, Banking, and Weights and Measures Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:55 AM

The Haitian Government permits a free market exchange of U.S. dollars for Gourdes, the Haitian monetary unit. Most prices in Haiti are quoted in Haitian dollars, where one Haitian Dollar (a nonexistent currency) equals 5 Haitian Gourdes. The metric system of weights and measures is the official standard. U.S. weights and measures are also widely used.

Taxes, Exchange, and Sale of Property Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:52 AM

Restrictions

Embassy personnel have duty-free entry privileges. If personal possessions or automobiles are sold to anyone without these privileges, Haitian law requires that one of the parties to the sale must pay the duty. For information on automobiles, see Transportation-Automobiles.

Recommended Reading Last Updated: 9/9/2005 10:56 AM

These titles are provided as a general indication of the material published in this country. The Department of State does not endorse unofficial publications.

Much of the literature about Haiti is available only in French. The following is a suggested reading list of books in English. Particularly recommended works are in bold face.

The more recent titles can be found in bookstores. Books published before 1989 may be available only in libraries. An asterisk indicates novels and collections of short stories.

Abbott, Elizabeth. Haiti: The Duvaliers and Their Legacy. McGraw-Hill: New York, 1989.

Courlander, Harold. *The Drum and the Hoe. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1981.

Courlander, Harold. The Bordeaux Narrative. University of New Mexico Press: Albuquerque, 1990.

Danner, Mark. "Beyond the Mountains" (three parts). The New Yorker, 27 November 1989, 4 December 1989, 11 December 1989.

Dunham, Katherine. Dances of Haiti. Afro American Studies Center: Los Angeles, 1983.

Ferguson, James. Papa Doc, Baby Doc, Haiti and the Duvaliers. Basil Blackwell: London, 1987.

Gold, Herbert. Best Nightmare on Earth: A Life in Haiti. Prentice Hall: New York, 1991.

Gold, Herbert. My Last Two Thousand Years. New York, 1972.

Greene, Graham. *The Comedians. Viking: New York, 1966.

Haggerty, Richard A., ed. The Dominican Republic and Haiti. Area Studies Handbook Series. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1991.

Heinl, Robert D., Jr. and Nancy G. Heinl. Written in Blood: The History of Haiti From 1492 to 1971.Houghton-Mifflin: New York, 1978.

Laguerre, Michael S. The Complete Haitian: A Bibliographic Guide to the Scholarship Literature (1900- 1980). 2 volumes. New York, 1982.

Lawyers Committee on Human Rights. Paper Laws/Steel Bayonets: Breakdown of The Rule of Law in Haiti. New York, 1991.

Leyburn, James. The Haitian People. New Haven, 1971.

Logan, Rayford. The Diplomatic Relations of the United States With Haiti, 1776-1891. Chapel Hill, NC, 1941.

Pataki, Eva. Haitian Painting: Art and Kitsch. Adams Press: Chicago, 1986.

Price-Mars, Jean. So Spoke the Uncle. Three Continents Press: Washington, DC, 1983. (First published in French in 1928.)

Rodman, Selden. The Miracle of Haitian Art. Doubleday: New York, 1971.

Roumain, Jacques. *Masters of the Dew. Translated by Mercer Cook. Collier Books: New York, 1971. (First published in French in 1944.)

Schmidt, Hans. The United States Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934. Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, 1971.

Thomson, Ian. Bonjour Blanc: A Journey Through Haiti. Hutchinson: London, 1992.

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Haiti: State Against Nation, The Origins and Legacy of Duvalierism. Monthly Review: New York, 1990.

University of Virginia. *Callaloo, Haiti: The Literature and Culture. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, 1992.

Weinstein, Brian and Aaron Segal. Haiti: The Failure of Politics. Praeger: New York, 1992.

Wilentz, Amy. The Rainy Season: Haiti Since Duvalier. Simon and Schuster: New York, 1989.

Local Holidays Last Updated: 9/9/2005 9:58 AM

New Year's Day January 1

Independence Day January 1

Ancestors' Day January 2

Carnival (Mardi Gras) Varies

Good Friday Varies

Agriculture & Labor Day May 1

Flag Day May 18

Corpus Christi Varies

Assumption Day August 15

Death of Dessalines October 17

All Souls Day November 2

Battle of Vertières November 18

Christmas December 25

Adapted from material published by the U.S. Department of State. While some of the information is specific to U.S. missions abroad, the post report provides a good overview of general living conditions in the host country for diplomats from all nations.
 
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