Area, Geography, and Climate Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:18 AM

The Kyrgyz Republic is a Central Asian country of natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions. Occupying a strategic location on the Silk Road, its territory is one of the most ancient centers of human civilization, as documented in Chinese, Arabic, Iranian, and Turkish written sources. It is about the size of Nebraska, with a total area of 76,640 square miles -- 560 miles east to west and 255 miles north to south. It is bordered on the southeast by China, on the north and west by Kazakhstan, and on the south and west by Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Bishkek (formerly Frunze), the capital, and Osh are the principal cities.

The Kyrgyz Republic is a country of sunshine, high, snow-covered mountains, deep gorges cut by swift rivers and 1,923 mountain lakes. In the summer months, travelers can spend part of a single day in a sunny valley, in a flowering meadow high in the mountains, and in glaciers above the clouds. Extensive mountain ranges featuring ridges, deep gorges, wide valleys, and virgin forests are complemented by more than 40,000 rivers and streams that provide irrigation and a vast potential for hydroelectric production.

The Tien Shan and Pamir mountain ranges dominate 65% of the country, and the average elevation is 2,750 meters, ranging from 394 meters in the Fergana Valley to 7,439 meters (24,409 feet) at Pik Pobedy (Mount Victory). It is estimated that the Kyrgyz Republic’s 6,500 distinct glaciers hold more than 650 billion cubic meters of water. The alpine regions provide rich pastures for sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and yaks. The main agricultural regions are the Chui River valley in the North and the Fergana Valley in the South. Over half of the cultivated area is irrigated, and cotton, sugar, beets, silk, tobacco, fruit, grapes, and grains are among the main crops. There are gold, coal, antimony, lead, tungsten, mercury, uranium, petroleum, and natural gas deposits, and industries include food processing and the manufacture of agricultural machinery and textiles. The country is lightly forested with woods covering about 3.5% of the country. However, forests in the south of the Kyrgyz Republic include the largest wild nut (walnut) groves on earth.

The Kyrgyz Republic is positioned near the middle of the Eurasian landmass, and there is no body of water large enough to influence weather patterns. Those factors create a distinctly continental climate that has significant local variations. Although the mountains tend to collect clouds and block sunlight (reducing some narrow valleys at certain times of year to no more than three or four hours of sunlight per day), the country is generally sunny, receiving as much as 2,900 hours of sunlight per year in some areas. The same conditions also affect temperatures, which can vary significantly from place to place. In January the warmest average temperature (24.8°F, -4°C) occurs around the southern city of Osh, and around Lake Issyk-Kul. The latter, which has a volume of 416 cubic miles (1738 cubic kilometers), does not freeze in winter. Indeed, its name means "hot lake" in Kyrgyz. The coldest temperatures are in mountain valleys. There, readings can fall to -22°F (30°C) or lower; the record is -64°F (-53.6°C) . The average temperature for July similarly varies from 81°F (27°C) in the Fergana Valley, where the record high is 111°F (44°C) , to a low of 14°F (-10°C) on the highest mountain peaks. Precipitation varies from 79 inches per year in the mountains above the Fergana Valley to less than 4 inches per year on the west bank of Issyk-Kul. Bishkek’s weather is fairly mild. In Bishkek, nighttime temperatures in January can be in the teens (Fahrenheit), but daytime temperatures often rise to above freezing, enough for snow and ice to begin melting. Summer temperatures can rise above 90°F (32°C) by the end of May. The air is dry year round.

Population Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:29 AM

According to the National Statistics Agency, as of January 2003, the population of the Kyrgyz Republic is 5,000,013, of whom 66.3% are ethnic Kyrgyz, 11.2% are Russian/Slavic, 14% are Uzbek, 1.1% are Dunghan (ethnic Chinese Muslims), 1% are Uighur, .9% are Tatar, and .3% are German. From 1989 to 1993, there was a significant exodus of ethnic Russians and Germans. In 1992 alone, 8,000 Germans left the Kyrgyz Republic.

Because of the country’s mountainous terrain, the population tends to be concentrated in a relatively small area. About two-thirds of the population lives in the Fergana, Talas, and Chui valleys. The Chui Valley, where Bishkek is located, is the major economic center, producing almost half of the nation’s gross national product. Most Uzbeks live in the fertile Fergana Valley, in the southern area of the country. The Uzbeks have not historically been a nomadic people and have stronger ties to traditional Islam. In addition, there has been less Russian influence in the southern region, where Russians gathered mostly in the cities of Osh and Jalalabad. For these reasons, the South tends to be more strongly Muslim and traditional than the North.

The Kyrgyz language is Turkic-based with Mongolian and Altaic elements. Kyrgyz did not become a written language until 1923, at which time an Arabic-based alphabet was used. Kyrgyz was changed to a Latin-based alphabet in 1928 and to a Cyrillic-based one in 1940. Most Kyrgyz living in cities speak Russian, but in rural areas, more Kyrgyz is spoken.

Public Institutions Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:19 AM

The Kyrgyz Republic has been viewed as one of the most democratic countries of the former Soviet Union. However, recently the government has made moves to curb press freedom, and corruption is endemic. The first president of the country, Askar Akeyev, is a scientist rather than a party ‘apparatchik’ and was chosen as a compromise candidate to lead the republic in the days before the breakup of the Soviet Union. In December 1995, President Akayev was reelected in the first multicandidate presidential elections in Central Asia. In 2000, he was reelected in elections that the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) determined were not free and fair. The next presidential elections are scheduled to take place in 2005.

The President appoints a Prime Minister as head of government with the consent of Parliament and then consults with the Prime Minister in the appointment of cabinet Ministers. In 2001, nationwide elections of heads of city and village administrations were held for the first time, and now the majority of local officials are elected. In accordance with the new version of the Constitution adopted in February 2003, the previously bicameral Parliament is now unicameral, and consists of 75 deputies. The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in criminal and civil matters and the Constitutional Court deals with constitutional matters.

Political parties are numerous but weak. The President is not a member of a political party, and most members of Parliament are independent.

Nongovernmental organizations are active throughout the Kyrgyz Republic and work on a wide variety of issues.

The Constitution guarantees freedom of speech and of the press, but the independent media faces both economic and political pressures.

Arts, Science, and Education Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:05 AM

The arts, sciences, and education have suffered tremendously from lack of funding during the last decade. Public school teachers, especially in rural areas, are seldom paid, and when they are, it is often in kind. Fuel shortages and lack of funding to purchase fuel have forced many schools to operate without heat. Books and other learning materials are in short supply. At the university level, new private universities are operating entirely on revenues raised by tuition, and public universities are also charging tuition to cover costs. Some universities are affiliated with foreign institutions, including American universities.

Education was one of the strongest features of the old regime, and many areas of strength still exist, especially in the sciences. The Academy of Sciences still operates, and the introduction of internet communications is expanding the ability of Kyrgyz scientists to work with scientists from all over the world. The literacy rate is estimated to be about 98.7%, and compulsory education lasts 9 years.

Despite budget cutbacks and the emigration of many performers, the national opera and ballet in Bishkek are still active. The Bishkek Philharmonic provides late afternoon concerts during the fall and winter, and both the Kyrgyz and Slavic theaters are active. There are a few museums in Bishkek, including an art museum and a national history museum.

Commerce and Industry Last Updated: 5/25/2004 4:32 AM

While part of the Soviet system, the Kyrgyz Republic depended on transfer from Moscow for 12% of its GDP and developed an industrial structure tightly integrated into the Soviet economy and heavily weighted toward the defense industry. Consequently, the breakup of the Soviet Union has had severe consequences for the country’s economic output. For this and other reasons, the Kyrgyz Republic has been in the forefront of economic reforms. Privatization began earlier than in other central Asian states and is now proceeding with U.S. assistance. Corruption and oppressive bureaucracy are still rampant, but the government says it is working to improve the economic/investment situation.

The stability of the Kyrgyz currency, the som, has led to a stable economy with a low inflation rate. However, there is little economic growth, and foreign investment has recently been declining. Exports began to pick up in 1994 and continue to grow. The former CIS countries remain major trading partners, but WTO countries, including China make up about 53% of Kyrgyz trade, and trade patterns continue to diversify away from traditional trading partners. The Kyrgyz market is flooded with cheap Chinese goods, and Kyrgyz exports to Western countries are mainly handicrafts, wool, and products like mountain honey. Russia and Kazakhstan remain important trade partners but Kazakhstani tariff and border policies make exportation of Kyrgyz products costly and complicated.

Demir Bank has been growing and adding services, but in general, the banking and financial sector remains weak. Tourism, which has great potential, remains undeveloped. There is some investment at Lake Issyk-Kul, but not all of the new accommodations will meet Western standards.

Agriculture accounts for over 35% of GDP with wool, cotton, and hides being important products. Since independence the country has imported some grains, while being self-sufficient in others and increasing its level of exports of some varieties. Herd sizes have decreased sharply in recent years. Production of fruits, vegetables, and cotton has increased.

Aside from mining, food processing and textiles based on locally produced raw materials offer the best prospects for industrial growth.

Transportation

Automobiles Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:31 AM

Traffic regulations and procedures in the Kyrgyz Republic are similar to those in the U.S. However, driving habits of local drivers make it necessary to use extreme caution when driving and crossing streets as a pedestrian. Diplomats do not have to obtain a Kyrgyz driver's license. An International driver's license is valid in the Kyrgyz Republic. A U.S. driver's license is also valid, but the transfer of the U.S. driver’s license of the assigned employee must be endorsed with the seal of the Diplomatic Services Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. While Kyrgyz law does not require local insurance, Embassy regulations require liability coverage. Employees should also purchase coverage from a U.S. insurance carrier.

Persons with diplomatic passports may import an automobile into the Kyrgyz Republic for personal use. As the selection of new cars is limited in Bishkek, newly assigned personnel may wish to bring a car from abroad. Prices for new Russian-made Nivas and Ladas are around $5000, depending on the model. Four-wheel drive vehicles, especially SUV’s, are recommended. Winter evenings are cold with severe icing on city streets. A few of the main streets of Bishkek are haphazardly cleared, but side streets and housing complexes remain covered in snow and ice throughout the winter, so it is important to have a vehicle with good handling. An ice scraper and extra windshield washing fluid is essential, and cars equipped with rear window defrosters are helpful. For diesel-fueled vehicles, attach a note to the ignition key stating "diesel fuel only" before shipment. Diesel fuel is available locally, but it is not of high quality. Unleaded fuel is not available, so the catalytic converter must either be removed from the engine before arrival or replaced after use in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Automobiles shipped to the Kyrgyz Republic should be equipped with all the cold weather heavy-duty options possible. Ship an extra tire and wheel in addition to the spare, plus a supply of filters, fan belts, sparkplugs, light bulbs, points, touchup paint, and other small parts. Western motor oil and antifreeze have been sold only recently in Bishkek and are not always easy to find. If you ship your motor oil and antifreeze, check with your insurance company to determine if your insurance policy is rendered invalid if motor oil is shipped with your HHE.

Local Transportation Last Updated: 6/8/2004 5:10 AM

Public transportation is inexpensive but overcrowded. The city’s network of buses and trolleybuses covers the entire city. Riders should be ready to contend with a good deal of pushing and shoving during the morning and evening rush hours. Passengers enter the bus from the rear doors and exit/pay through the front doors. The city has no streetcars or subway. Mini-vans and other public transport are not recommended, since they can be dangerous. Many taxis cruise the city, and private cars often provide taxi services. However, it is not safe to use private taxis, and at present, Super Taxi is the only company recommended by post, because it is phone-dispatched and the rates are fixed. Most Super Taxi dispatchers speak English.

Regional Transportation Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:32 AM

The rail and air transportation systems are limited, and service is marginal. The rail system runs east from Bishkek to Lake Issyk-Kul and north to connect with rail lines for Uzbekistan, Russia, and Kazakhstan. Trains are unclean, without ventilation, overcrowded, and dangerous.

Air travel to and from Bishkek International Airport (Manas Airport) has improved. There are sometimes delays in winter because of severe weather. Aeroflot flies daily to Moscow. Alatyn Air operates regular service to Russia and Kyrgyzstan. Aba Joldoru flies to Russia, Tajikistan, Germany, India, UAE, Pakistan, Osh, and Jalalabad. There are also regular charter shopping flights to Germany, India, Thailand, Turkey, and UAE. Only two international air carriers fly to Bishkek -- British Air and Turkish Air. Many Embassy personnel choose to travel via the airport in Almaty, Kazakhstan on Lufthansa or KLM.

The road system provides access to all cities, towns, and most villages. However, north-south travel is difficult from December through March due to heavy snow in the mountain passes, and Embassy officials have a no night driving policy in effect for outside of Bishkek. Travelers should plan carefully since information, food, water, lodging, and fuel are often not readily accessible. In winter, the traveler must be well prepared with food, water, heavy clothing, and fuel as roads can close quickly due to ice and snow, leaving the traveler stranded for hours.

Communications

Telephones and Telecommunications Last Updated: 5/25/2004 5:35 AM

The Embassy has an IVG tie-line, which is the easiest way to communicate with the rest of the world. Telephone service from the Kyrgyz Republic to the U.S. and to most European cities is inadequate but improving. Local calls often have serious static interference. Housing has direct dial international capability. Calls requested through the operator may require a wait. International calls to the U.S. cost about $2.00 per minute. Some parts of the phone system in Bishkek use the ‘pulse’ rather than the ‘tone’ method as commonly found in the U.S. Bring only personal telephones that are switchable or compatible with the pulse system.

Internet Last Updated: 5/25/2004 5:39 AM

Internet is widely available in Bishkek. Internet at the Embassy is provided for official use. The cost of residential internet service is anywhre from $20-$70 a month depending on the provider and your subscription plan. There are also many internet cafes in Bishkek, which cost about one dollar an hour for internet service. Both residential and commercial connections are unreliable.

Mail and Pouch Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:22 AM

International airmail service is unreliable for packages and can be slow for letter mail. Diplomatic pouch service to the Mission is improving. Post sends one outgoing pouch weekly, and incoming pouches also arrive once weekly. Mail via pouch may take from 2-4 weeks to arrive in Bishkek. Direct-hire American personnel, PIT employees assigned to Embassy Bishkek and family members of direct-hire Americans are authorized to use diplomatic pouch services and APO (Army Post Office). The APO is located at Ganci Air Base in Bishkek. However, it will only be available while Ganci Air Base operates in the Kyrgyz Republic. Incoming packages sent via APO can take 1-3 months to arrive in Bishkek.

Incoming Mail: Parcels shipped from the U.S. cannot exceed 40 pounds, 24 inches in length, or 62 inches in length and girth combined. The Department pouch service may not be used to transport mail or other material that could injure persons handling pouches or damage pouch contents. Prohibited pouch materials include the following:

Firearms, explosives, ammunition, incendiary material, corrosives, caustics, poisons, radioactive substances, magnetic materials, liquids (including paints), fragile items, or items packed in glass containers larger than 6 ounces. Illegal narcotics and alcohol are also prohibited. The Pouch Room in Washington regularly x-rays all packages and will return any packages containing these items.

Pouch address for unofficial mail:

Name 7040 Bishkek Place Dulles, VA 20189-7040

Pouch address for official mail:

Name Department of State Washington, D.C. 20521-7040

APO address is:

Name Section APO AE 09807

Outgoing Mail: In addition to the above list of prohibited items, the following restrictions apply to all non-official materials being shipped by the pouch to the Department of State:

1. Packages cannot be sent through the pouch, unless returning items ordered online or by catalog.

2. All letters must have the proper amount of postage attached. The Embassy has no stamp sales. There are no registration, certification, insurance, or guarantee services on personal mail available from post.

3. DHL operates locally and charges about $68 for a 1-pound package to the U.S.

Radio and TV Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:32 AM

Television and radio programming in Bishkek provides regular news broadcasts and basic information about the Kyrgyz Republic and international affairs. Broadcasts rely heavily on educational documentaries, films, and concerts. Five stations broadcast from Bishkek and two stations provide broadcasting from Moscow in Russian. Cable is available at reasonable rates. In addition, most residences have AFRTS. Radio programs on Bishkek’s radio stations begin early in the morning. Much of the programming is musical. A good short-wave radio is required to receive Voice of America (VOA), BBC World Service, and Radio Liberty. VOA is broadcast on an FM station in Bishkek.

Employees should bring a multisystem TV to enable viewing of local programs, and VCRs must have PAL capability. The TV and VCR should be 110v/220v if possible. Otherwise, a transformer will be required. A surge protector is also recommended to stabilize power and prevent a power surge from damaging the equipment. You can buy Japanese and other foreign sets at a number of local stores, but prices are higher than in the U.S., and most foreign merchandise carry no warranties.

Newspapers, Magazines, and Technical Journals Last Updated: 5/25/2004 5:49 AM

A few foreign newspapers and magazines can be found in hotels or in newspaper kiosks. It is possible to subscribe to The Herald Tribune and The Economist in Bishkek, but they will be received late. Using the Department of State pouch address is the best method to ensure delivery of U.S. publications. Direct subscription and DHL delivery is extremely expensive.

Health and Medicine

Medical Facilities Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:33 AM

The Embassy has a part-time local doctor and a well-equipped Medical Unit. At present, the State Department provides medical support through the Regional Medical Officer (RMO), who is located a four-hour drive away in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Local medical practice is not up to the standards of Western medicine.

Pharmaceutical supplies are easily obtained, but the quality of some medicines is suspect. Routine laboratory work is problematic due to lack of supplies. However, the Embassy has arrangements with several specialty hospitals in Bishkek for diagnosis and outpatient care. The Embassy doctor will accompany the patient to any clinic/hospital and will bring all needed equipment and medications. Embassy employees and dependents requiring advanced diagnostic procedures, surgery, or complicated treatment will be evacuated to London or the U.S. upon the recommendation of the RMO. Expectant mothers may receive their prenatal care up to 32 weeks in Bishkek. Delivery can be in Europe or the U.S. on a cost-constructive basis, with London as the base for calculation. Most Embassy employees travel to Almaty for dental care. Major dental work is done in London through a medical evacuation.

Community Health Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:35 AM

Air pollution in Bishkek continues to increase. Utility smokestacks have no scrubbers. Residents of the suburbs burn coal or wood for heat and cooking, which adds to the haze trapped in Chui Valley. Persons with respiratory problems will notice increased sinus/allergic symptoms. A high pollen count in the spring sometimes compounds air pollution problems. Persons susceptible to hay fever should bring an ample supply of medications and tissues, as local supplies are uncertain. Pests, such as ants, can be a nuisance in some residences, and mosquitoes are an annoyance in summer.

The standard of cleanliness in many public buildings, restaurants, taxis, airports, and train stations falls short of Western standards. Most travelers avoid the few facilities found along the road, preferring the cleanliness of nearby trees. Local markets have a good variety of fruits and vegetables in the summer, with winter produce consisting of potatoes, carrots, onions, cabbage, and beets. Fruits and vegetables should be washed thoroughly. Meats are hung in the market without refrigeration, but it is no longer necessary to buy meat from bazaars. Most Embassy staff buy their meat at Vizit, Beta Stores, Steinbrau, or Europa, which offer all cuts of meat and are cleaner and safer than bazaars or other butcher shops. A few small stores and some Western-style supermarkets stock imported canned and packaged meats and vegetables.

Employees should not drink tap water. Water distillers for the home are supplied by the Embassy. Parents should bring fluoride-fortified vitamins or fluoride tablets to add to the water supply for their children, since distilled water loses its fluoride content. Locally produced carbonated mineral water has a high sodium content. In the past, concerns have been raised about low-level radioactive hospital waste in the Kyrgyz Republic. However, it has not been determined if persons living in the Kyrgyz Republic are receiving dangerous levels of radiation.

Preventive Measures Last Updated: 5/26/2004 4:40 AM

In addition to the general cautions about food and water safety, the Embassy doctor provides a health unit briefing upon arrival. The briefing will contain up-to-date information about health issues affecting Americans, since conditions change often, and new problems may arise.

Employment for Spouses and Dependents Last Updated: 5/26/2004 0:38 AM

Employment opportunities for spouses and dependents are limited. Due to its small size and modest budget, the Embassy has hired spouses on a part-time basis. USAID contractors sometimes have short-term positions. The Bishkek International School keeps growing and needs teachers, but the number of full-time positions is limited. Eligible family members planning to seek employment within the Embassy should bring paperwork from previous employment, as well as a current resume and SF-86 form.

American Embassy - Bishkek

Post City Last Updated: 5/25/2004 6:13 AM

Bishkek is located in the northern part of the Kyrgyz Republic, 10 miles from the border with Kazakhstan. Its latitude is just north of that shared by Tbilisi, Barcelona, Boston, and Rome. A 30-minute drive from Bishkek leads to the foothills of the Ala-Too range of the Tien Shan, or "Heavenly" mountains.

Bishkek has many beautiful parks and monuments. Walking tours to architectural and historical landmarks are a good way to get a feel for the city. In the center of the city are the Museum of Fine Arts, the National Library, the Opera House, the National Museum, the Circus, the Frunze Memorial House-Museum, and the Monument to the Great Patriotic War.

Bishkek has lovely tree-lined walking parks and wide streets, although one must watch for open manholes. Erkindik Prospect (Erkindik means "freedom" in Kyrgyz) is a mile-long walking park lined with huge oak trees. One can stroll along Erkindik Prospect through an outdoor sculpture garden, past the Drama Theater, along the Art Gallery in the Park, by the Tea House and continue in the large walking park for 30 minutes until you reach the Train Station. This walk provides a pleasant break in summer and winter.

Security Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:46 AM

The Kyrgyz Republic is one of the most open and friendly of the Central Asian Republics. However, the high poverty rate and its proximity to other hotspots around the world can cause occasional problems for visitors. You and your family will receive a security briefing from the Regional Security Officer upon arrival in Bishkek to mitigate these security threats. The Embassy has increased the security posture both at the chancery and at all residences, providing greater protection around the clock. There is no curfew, but it is not recommended to walk at night or stay out too late, carry large sums of cash, or use public transportation or taxis other than Super Taxi. By taking sensible security precautions and following a few simple rules and procedures, your stay in the Kyrgyz Republic will be a safe and enjoyable one.

The Post and Its Administration Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:47 AM

The U.S. Embassy (telephone: 551241) moved to its current location at 171 Prospect Mira in 1998. The Peace Corps office (telephone: 650989), which provides support to a large group of volunteers assigned throughout the country, is located at 304 Chokmorov Street. The USAID office (telephone: 551242) is located at the Embassy. The Peace Corps program has been in the Kyrgyz Republic since 1993. Volunteers serve two years teaching English in rural village schools. Approximately 400 volunteers have served.

The Embassy has Management, Political-Economic, Public Affairs, and Consular Sections at the Chancery, as well as the Defense Attaché Office, Customs, and Commerce. Embassy office hours are 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. The Chancery switchboard is open during regular office hours. At other times, a recorded message directs emergency calls to the duty officer.

A small gym, language lab, and basketball/tennis court are located within the Embassy compound, and an annex building, which includes a medical unit and full service cafeteria.

Housing Last Updated: 5/25/2004 6:18 AM

Embassy personnel can expect to have good accommodations in Bishkek. Some are assigned to apartments near the center of the city, while others are assigned to houses.

Temporary Quarters Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:48 AM

Every attempt is made to put newly arriving personnel directly into their permanent housing. If this is not possible, new employees may have to be housed in temporary quarters or a hotel until their permanent housing becomes available.

Permanent Housing Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:48 AM

Residences are renovated to accommodate the electrical needs of a Western occupant. Kitchens and bathrooms receive particularly extensive renovation in an attempt to bring them as close to Western standards as possible. Closets, bathroom cabinets, and food pantries are generally not found within apartments. However, the Embassy carpenter has constructed shelves and cabinets to provide storage space. Apartments furnished by the Embassy have one wardrobe per bedroom. Due to vandalism of cars, the Embassy provides garages at apartments. Most residences are in the heart of Bishkek and are a 10 to 15 minute drive from the Embassy.

Furnishings Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:49 AM

All residences, except the Ambassador and DCM's residence, are furnished in the following manner:

Living Room: 1 sofa, 2 or 3 easy chairs, end and coffee tables, lamps, carpet, draperies, bookcase, and TV wall unit.

Dining Room: Dining room table and chairs and sideboard or china closet.

Bedroom: Twin or queen-sized bed, chest of drawers, dresser, carpet, and draperies. The master bedroom is furnished with a queen-sized bed.

Kitchen: Gas and/or electric range, microwave, water distiller, sink, refrigerator, freezer, washer and dryer, and cabinets.

Employees supply their own linens, bed pillows, blankets, china, silverware, and kitchen equipment. Most residences have limited storage space. Bring converter plugs for personal appliances. All electrical current is 220v/50Hz. The Embassy supply of transformers for kitchen appliances, etc., is limited. Employees should bring uninterrupted power supplies (UPS) for computers and any other electrical appliances that require a steady supply of electricity.

Utilities and Equipment Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:49 AM

All residences have hot-and-cold running water. Hot water is turned off for a month in the summer by city authorities to service the water system. Each residence is equipped with a hot water heater to ensure the hot water supply is uninterrupted. Heating is centrally controlled and is generally turned on in October and turned off in May. Since heat cannot be regulated from within residences, at times in winter housing can be uncomfortably hot or cold. Therefore, the Embassy provides several air-conditioners for each housing unit and electric heaters as needed.

All Embassy residences have telephones and adapters for all Embassy-owned appliances. Since all electrical supplies are difficult to find, bring adapters and heavy-duty extension cords from the U.S.

Food Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:51 AM

Most staff members hire a housekeeper who does the shopping for the household. Those who prefer to do their own shopping on the local market find the best source for basic foodstuffs to be the large open-air food bazaars, such as Osh and Alamedin. During summer and fall there are plentiful supplies of fruits (apples, plums, pears, cherries, apricots, peaches, local berries, melons, and imported bananas and oranges) and vegetables (tomatoes, cabbage, beans, loose leaf lettuce, onions, cucumbers, radishes, squash, beets, spring onions, summer squash, pickled vegetables, and of course, potatoes). The markets also have an abundance of pickled cabbage, onions, cucumbers, and tomatoes, and there is excellent rice sold in bulk. During winter and early spring, the selection shrinks dramatically, leaving only basic root vegetables and a very limited selection of high-priced imported fruit and local apples and pomegranates. Two Western-style supermarkets provide a good selection of canned and fresh produce throughout the year. Prices tend to be higher, but these shops do provide variety during the winter months.

A Western-style butcher and the two largest supermarkets provide a good selection of fresh and frozen meats available in a variety of cuts. Beef, chicken, pork, and lamb are available year round.

A selection of soft drink products, including Coke, Sprite, Pepsi, and Fanta is available. These are bottled locally by joint-venture companies. A selection of Russian, European, Mexican, and Australian beer is sold on the local market, as well as Moldovan, French, and Italian wines and Kyrgyz champagne and cognac products.

There is an abundance of spices sold both at bazaars and supermarkets. Local sources of sugar, flour, salt, baking soda, and macaroni are adequate, but the quality of these products may not be suited to American tastes. Local salt is not adequately iodized, so personnel should plan to ship salt with iodine in their surface shipment.

Items that are difficult to find include reasonably priced coffee, personal care products, paper products (toilet paper, tissues, paper napkins, paper towels, note paper, computer paper, wrapping paper for gifts, gift cards, etc.), chemical products to fight insect infestation, English-language books and magazines, and contemporary music tapes and CD’s. Things like shampoo, conditioner, laundry detergent, and other liquids are available locally or should be shipped as consumables, since liquids cannot be shipped via pouch.

Clothing Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:52 AM

The choice of shoes and clothing in Bishkek is limited. The type of clothing worn in the northeast of the U.S. is appropriate in Bishkek. Winters are cold and icy. However, Bishkek does have many crystal clear winter days. Late spring, summer, and fall are generally pleasant with long stretches of sunny, temperate weather. Midsummer can be very hot (mid-90’s). Temperatures average 30 degrees Farenheit in midwinter.

A warm coat with a hood or a separate warm hat, several pairs of woolen and waterproof gloves, and appropriate shoes are necessary. A good supply of shoes and boots for all types of weather, such as, rubber rain boots, hiking boots and lined, thicksoled winter boots for children and adults are also recommended.

Men Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:53 AM

Both heavy and light topcoats are desirable for spring and fall. Warm, waterproof gloves, overshoes, and sweaters are also necessary. Woolen suits worn in the U.S. are satisfactory for winter in Bishkek, but some prefer heavier suits and sweater vests during the coldest months. Lighter suits are needed for summer wear, and dark suits are worn for representational affairs. Tuxedos, although not a necessity, are worn at Embassy Bishkek’s annual Marine Corps Ball.

Women Last Updated: 6/8/2004 5:16 AM

Versatile clothing for representational functions, luncheons, receptions or the theater is essential. Slacks, skirts, blouses, and sweaters are ordinary daywear. Women are rarely seen in shorts. Women wear woolen clothing of several weights during fall and winter. Cottons, synthetics and blends, preferably washable, are worn in the summer. A raincoat and a heavy coat are necessary.

Children Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:53 AM

Children need washable, sturdy wool, corduroy, and other heavy clothing. Waterproof boots with insulated foam lining, several pairs of waterproof mittens, long thermal underwear, both heavy and lightweight pajamas, and waterproof snow pants all come in handy. Since children’s clothing sold in Bishkek is not of Western quality and limited in quantity, bring a good initial supply of clothing and shoes for children.

Office Attire Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:54 AM

At the Embassy, personnel wear normal business attire. Suit coats are not necessary, except for official functions or meetings with local contacts.

Supplies and Services

Supplies Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:26 AM

Embassy employees should include all miscellaneous supplies of toiletries, cosmetics, medicines, and U.S. postal stamps in their HHE, since very few items are obtainable locally. For those with sensitive stomachs, you may want to bring a healthy supply of antacids/anti-diarrheal medicines. When available, selection is limited and expensive. These items can be ordered from duty-free mail order companies such as Peter Justesen’s, but the prices are high. Also bring cleaning supplies and equipment (broom, mop, cleaning brushes, sponges), sewing kit, toolkits, paper plates, napkins, plastic utensils, covered plastic containers, wastebaskets, flashlights, cookbooks, children’s toys, including paints, coloring books, reading books, and anything else that you ordinarily use. Wrapping paper, cards, ribbons, and balloons are difficult to find. Kodak and Fuji film products are sold in Bishkek, and the cost of development is comparatively low.

Parents with a baby should bring with them everything required: crib, playpen, stroller, bottles, sterilizer, etc. Disposable diapers are available, but the selection is limited, and they are expensive. Baby food is of limited supply, and very few stores carry it. Brands popular in the U.S. are generally not found in Bishkek. Some personnel have brought a baby food grinder and make their own food.

Basic Services Last Updated: 5/26/2004 4:41 AM

Laundry service provided in hotels is hard on clothes. Each permanent staff residence is equipped with a standard American washer and dryer, and dry-cleaning is available in Bishkek. Tailoring and dressmaking is available in Bishkek. Service varies from place to place, so it is best to frequent shops or dressmakers recommended by others with similar tastes. The choice of fabrics in Bishkek is limited. The situation is improving, but it can still be a challenge for foreigners to find matching thread, zippers, lining, etc.

There is a selection of salons and barbershops that operate according to western standards and offer haircuts and styling, manicures, pedicures, massage, and many other services.

Domestic Help Last Updated: 5/25/2004 6:32 AM

Most staff members hire a local cook/housekeeper who does the shopping as part of her job. Current wages for such a cook/housekeeper who works 3 days a week average between $100 and $120 a month. Help for childcare, gardening, household repairs, and driving is also easy to find. Payment and fees should be negotiated on an individual basis. The employer must be willing to train the employee so that work can meet his or her standards. Most people of the Kyrgyz Republic are unfamiliar with Western appliances or cleaning products, so care should be taken to train employees in their use.

Religious Activities Last Updated: 5/25/2004 6:42 AM

Religious services are held in several mosques, the Russian Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church St. Michael the Archangel, the Jewish Synagogue, the International Church of Bishkek, and Concordia Lutheran Church. Several missionary groups are active in Bishkek, including the Hare Krishna, the Church for Unification, and other nondenominational faiths. Some offer services in English.

Education

Dependent Education

At Post Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:41 AM The Bishkek International School, a private institution that opened in September 1994, offers English-language instruction for preschool, elementary, and middle school students. The school operates under the control of Quality Schools International, a private, non-profit organization that operates schools in Central Europe and Asia, the Far East and the Middle East. The school expects to have 40 students for the 2003-2004 school year. The school term is from early September to mid-June. The curriculum includes English, mathematics, cultural studies, science, art, music, and physical education.

The tuition for the school year 2003-2004 is $4300 for the 3-4 year-old class, $10,600 for the kindergarten class, and $13,200 for 6-year-olds and above, plus a nonrefundable $100 registration fee for new students. The U.S. Government education allowance fully covers these costs. For further information contact:

Bishkek International School C/o U.S. Embassy Bishkek CLO Department of State Washington, D.C. 20521-7040 Tel: 996-312-551241 ext. 4431 Fax: (c/o U.S. Embassy CLO) 996-312-551264

Some American parents have placed their children in local Russian-language schools. If children are prepared for the extra work involved in learning Russian, and if parents are prepared to devote the time to give children extra help, the experience can be rewarding.

Away From Post Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:46 AM Dependents in grades 9 to 12 are eligible to attend European and U.S. boarding schools. The Department’s education allowance is designed to cover educational costs, including room, board, and periodic transportation between post and school. A list of overseas boarding schools can be obtained from the State Department’s M/FLO, Office of Overseas Schools, or the Allowances staff.

Special Needs Education Last Updated: 5/25/2004 6:45 AM

At this time, the Bishkek International School offers limited special needs educational services.

Higher Education Opportunities Last Updated: 5/25/2004 6:45 AM

Bishkek has a number of universities, including American University Central Asia. However, the experience of many American students has been that classes do not live up to Western higher educational standards and that scheduling is unorganized and class meetings are sporadic.

Recreation and Social Life

Sports Last Updated: 6/8/2004 5:17 AM

Many sports are found in Bishkek and the surrounding countryside. A large outdoor swimming pool, located at a hotel near the Embassy, is open to American staff and their families, and a modest indoor pool is sometimes open in winter. A group of Embassy staff play basketball weekly at the local Bishkek Physculturni Institute versus a local team. A rock climbing wall and lessons are also available through the Institute. The Maple Leaf Golf Club, a golf course started by Canadian expats, opened in 2002 and is about twenty minutes from downtown toward the mountains. Though the course is still somewhat rough, you can’t beat the beautiful mountain scenery and cheap green fees! Clubs are available for rent, but it is a good idea to bring your own if you have them. Bishkek has a limited number of outdoor tennis courts, and an indoor tennis court is available for rent in the sports palace during winter. Some spectator sports, such as soccer and wrestling, are played in Bishkek.

Touring and Outdoor Activities Last Updated: 6/8/2004 5:20 AM

Downhill skiing is possible in the mountains, about a 1-hour drive from Bishkek. Ski weekends are organized to the slopes with chalets. Stables in and around Bishkek offer everything from indoor riding to overnight mountain trips. Trekking through the mountains on horseback and on foot are popular ways to see the beautiful areas of the country during the spring summer, and autumn. Fishing, hunting, and white-water rafting are other popular activities in the Kyrgyz Republic. The Embassy’s CLO office often arranges outings for the American and diplomatic community. In general, bring all your own sports equipment and clothing, since items are difficult to find. On an informal level, individuals organize visits to areas of interest and short trips for rest and recreation.

Entertainment Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:30 AM

Bishkek has several cultural activities. The Bishkek Opera and Ballet Theater offers autumn and winter performances. The Kyrgyz Drama Theater and the Russian Drama Theater perform classic productions. The Philharmonic provides classical, modern symphony, and Kyrgyz orchestral and traditional performances. The Philharmonic was built in 1980. The gigantic statue in front depicts the 1,000-year-old epic hero Manas atop his magic steed Ak-Kula slaying a dragon.

Recreational shopping is a great way to get to know the city. Bishkek offers a wide range of local products of interest to American staff. Kyrgyz rugs are unique in their design and construction. Jewelers produce beautiful designs using semiprecious stones and local rocks. Craftsmen produce stone boxes with inlaid designs from types of rock found throughout the country. Kyrgyz musical instruments, local wool felt hats, ethnic clothing, and pottery are also of great interest to foreigners. The Kyrgyz Republic has a number of expert painters and sculptors, and prices for quality Kyrgyz artwork and crates are still reasonable.

Markets (‘rynoks’) provide a colorful feature to Bishkek life. The largest market for food is the Osh market, named for the second largest city in the Kyrgyz Republic. The Osh market features the greatest variety and least expensive fruits, vegetables, meats and souvenirs in Bishkek. On the weekends, cats, dogs, and birds are sold at the Osh market. The Alamedin market is a smaller market located closer to the center of the city. On the weekends, Dordoi offers the greatest selection of merchandise in Bishkek, the latest from the popular shopping trips to India, Turkey, and the Middle East.

In addition to ethnic Kyrgyz food like shashlik, plov, and manti, there is now a large variety of restaurants serving Chinese, Korean, Turkish, Indian, Italian, and Mexican cuisine. Also, numerous restaurants and cafes are now serving pizza and some American-style food. The Hyatt is a popular place to go for a meal or a drink. One should be careful when deciding to try the local cuisine from street vendors.

The two main hotels in Bishkek, the Hyatt and Pinara, have bars, cafes and souvenir gift shops. The Pinara hotel provides free membership cards to American staff of the Embassy, allow access to the pool and gym and a 15% discount at the café. Movie theaters, for the most part, show films in Russian. Some Western films play in theaters, but they are dubbed in Russian. Kyrgyz television programming includes some interesting cultural events and historical documentaries. There are several bars and clubs that play live music varying from rock to jazz. There are also a handful of discos/dance clubs.

Social Activities

Among Americans Last Updated: 6/8/2004 5:27 AM The American community in Bishkek numbers around 500 and is composed primarily of USAID contractors and a few businessmen/women. Embassy personnel, as well as contractors, entertain each other informally at dinner, receptions or theatrical performances. The Marines usually host softball or volleyball games on the weekends.

International Contacts Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:31 AM Canadian citizens are numerous in Bishkek due to the Kyrgyz-Canadian joint venture gold mining company. Many international visitors with organizations such as the IMF, UNICEF, UNDP and British, Dutch, German, and European Community assistance organizations are active on the social scene. Social relationships with citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic are not difficult to establish, particularly if one possesses Russian or Kyrgyz language skills. There is no prohibition on establishing social relationships with locals. On the contrary, reaching out and making Kyrgyz and Russian friends is encouraged.

The Bishkek Music Society is an organization of music lovers who support the performing arts and young talent. Members receive special benefits at concerts. The International Women’s Club is a social organization for women of the foreign community of Bishkek. The organization is nonpolitical, nonreligious, and wishes to promote friendship and understanding between its members and the people of the Kyrgyz Republic. The group was founded in May 1995 to give English-speaking women a chance to get together socially and to meet women in the foreign community. Currently, the club has more the 50 members representing 15 countries. The club has meetings at the Hyatt Hotel on the first Tuesday of every month. Dues are $10, with an optional $10 donation, and new arrivals to Bishkek, as well as visitors, are always welcome. For more information, contact the CLO office.

The Rotary Club in Bishkek meets every Tuesday for dinner at the Hyatt Hotel. The club is made up of local and international members from across the globe. English is the club language.

Official Functions

Nature of Functions Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:32 AM

The Kyrgyz Republic declared its independence in 1991. There are 15 diplomatic missions in the Kyrgyz Republic: U.S., Turkey, Germany, Russia, China, Belarus, India, Pakistan, Iran, Japan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. In addition, France has a Consulate, and the United Kingdom, Hungary, Cyprus, Canada, Latvia, and Italy have Honorary Consuls. Most embassies host official functions, such as receptions for visiting dignitaries, at local hotels or at Embassy officials’ residences. Attire for most official functions is a business suit for men or dress/suit for women. Kyrgyz citizens are generally informal, but most receptions involve much toast making. Command of Russian and/or Kyrgyz is very important for effective participation in official functions. All Embassy personnel and their family members will benefit from any study of Russian or Kyrgyz that they can arrange before arriving. Instruction in Kyrgyz and Russian is also available in Bishkek with local teachers.

Standards of Social Conduct Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:33 AM

All personnel should have business cards. Cards are useful for all members of the mission as they may be used on social occasions and for business connections. Cards are handy for extending or acknowledging invitations, sending flowers, and leaving notes. There is no single proper style or format for calling cards. Cards with English/Kyrgyz, English/Russian and/or Kyrgyz/Russian can be printed in Bishkek at very affordable prices.

Most Russians and Kyrgyz remove their shoes at home and when visiting others’ homes. Sometimes Americans are not expected to do this, but when visiting someone’s home, it is best to be prepared. It is rude to show the bottom of the feet, and it is considered bad luck to give an even number of flowers on most occasions. Even numbered bouquets are reserved for funerals.

Special Information Last Updated: 5/26/2004 1:35 AM

Americans are popular and generally welcomed by all segments of society in Bishkek. The level of violent crime is going up, however. The number of thefts, burglaries, and even muggings have increased substantially in the last two years due to the worsening socio-economic conditions. Foreigners have often been targeted. Because of energy deficits and broken street lamps, Bishkek is poorly lit after dark. The precautions necessary in any large Western city should be taken in Bishkek after dark. One should avoid walking anytime after dusk.

Many apartment buildings have poorly lit entrances through courtyards or in the rear of the building. Some bars and restaurants are frequented by the local Mafia. It is better to avoid these facilities. Travel by train from Bishkek to Moscow and other locations is not recommended due to an increase in crime on the trains. Bus travelers have had backpacks slashed, and shoppers in the various bazaars have also been pick-pocketed or mugged. Normal precautions, such as not exposing money or dressing ostentatiously, should be taken. The Embassy also recommends that all staff vary routes and times and pay close attention to their surroundings.

Post Orientation Program

On arrival, an Embassy sponsor will help with the practical side of getting settled and familiarized with Bishkek. The Community Liaison Office has prepared an information folder about the city and the Embassy. Maps of Bishkek are issued to new personnel, and the post security officer provides a security and safety briefing. The sponsor program organized by the Community Liaison Office strives to help newcomers feel at home right away.

Notes For Travelers

Getting to the Post Last Updated: 5/26/2004 4:43 AM

Visas are no longer required for diplomats traveling to the Kyrgyz Republic on diplomatic passports. However, official and regular issue passport holders are required to obtain Kyrgyz visas. Travelers arriving via the International Airport in Almaty, Kazakhstan and transiting by car to the Kyrgyz Republic will need Kazakh visas. Post recommends travelers take the United Airlines flight to London and then to Bishkek on British Air. Another option is to travel to Frankfurt and then to Istanbul. From Istanbul, there are three Turkish Airline flights a week to Bishkek. Your sponsor and an embassy driver will meet you at the airport and assist you upon your arrival in Bishkek. The cost of the VIP service in Bishkek is $40. Some mission personnel use an American flag carrier to fly to Frankfurt, and then proceed on to Almaty, Kazakhstan, via Lufthansa, Austrian Air, KLM, or Turkish Air (via Istanbul). Arrivals are met in Almaty by a driver from the Embassy and driven to Bishkek (3-4 hours depending on the weather and traffic). Due to the lengthy wait for luggage, post recommends that the traveler use the VIP hall upon arrival in Almaty. As you exit the aircraft stairs, look for a small van and ask to be taken to the VIP hall. Our driver will meet you there. This service costs $50, but since Embassy Bishkek does not have an expediter in Almaty, this system is the most user-friendly. Be sure to let post know if you will use the VIP hall so the driver can be in the correct location to meet you. If travelers are transiting Istanbul, they must have Turkish visas. A diplomat without a visa will not be allowed to leave the Istanbul airport.

A Kazakh visa is required in order to travel to Bishkek via Almaty. Time your airfreight shipment to arrive in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, after your arrival at post. Post has minimal storage facilities for airfreight and HHE. The Embassy should be notified with information such as number of boxes, weight, shipping dates. To facilitate customs clearance in Almaty, airfreight should be marked:

American Ambassador American Embassy Bishkek 171 Prospekt Mira Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (Tel: 551241) For Your Name.

The post provides the standard Welcome Kit, consisting of linens, basic cooking utensils, and other housekeeping items for use until airfreight arrives.

Customs, Duties, and Passage Last Updated: 5/26/2004 4:55 AM

Customs and Duties

All diplomatic personnel are granted free entry of airfreight and HHE. Persons with diplomatic passports are not required to fill out customs declarations upon entering or leaving the Kyrgyz Republic or Kazakhstan, nor are they required to submit their bags to a customs inspection.

HHE and consumables should be consigned/marked as follows:

ELSO, Antwerp, Belgium for forwarding to Ambassador American Embassy Bishkek 171 Prospekt Mira Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic For Your Name.

The Department of State transportation office will send the original bill of lading to the European Logistical Support Office (ELSO), Antwerp, Belgium, and a copy to the General Services Officer, American Embassy, Bishkek. The employee should ensure that the packer wraps consumables properly, as in the past consumables shipments have arrived damaged because no packing material was used to protect individual bottles, jars, cans, etc., by the packers. The employee should have the packer place cleaning supplies in boxes separate from food items.

Airfreight shipments to Bishkek should be marked as follows:

American Ambassador American Embassy Bishkek 171 Prospekt Mira Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (Tel: +996-312-551241) For Your Name.

The traveler should ensure with State Department transportation that airfreight is sent by commercial airlines, not by charter airlines to ensure expeditious delivery. The traveler's diplomatic passport number should be cabled to post in advance of arrival to facilitate receiving the shipment. Traveler should ship only the weight limit authorized on travel orders.

Many employees have shipped cars, while several have purchased local NIVAs. Bishkek weather and road conditions are extremely hard on automobiles. Sturdy cars are recommended. Leaded and low quality diesel fuel is sold locally. Unleaded gasoline is not available in the Kyrgyz Republic. Yu should ship fuel additives, oil, fuel and air filters as well as any other spare parts normally needed in a 2-year period. Your personally owned vehicle should be consigned to:

ELSO, Antwerp, Belgium for forwarding to Ambassador American Embassy Bishkek 171 Prospekt Mira Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic For Your Name.

The original bill of lading should be sent to the European Logistical Support Office (ELSO), Antwerp, Belgium, and a copy to the GSO, Bishkek.

HHE, consumables, and vehicles shipped from the U.S. will take approximately 4 months to arrive in Bishkek. UAB takes 2-4 weeks to arrive in Bishkek. Hand-carry children’s school records, extra passport/visa photos, extra blank checks, and important documents, such as medical records, wills, and pertinent IRS papers.

Passage

Immunization and inoculation certification are not required at either the Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic or Almaty, Kazakhstan airport.

Pets

All dogs and cats entering the Kyrgyz Republic and Kazakhstan must be accompanied by a certificate of good health bearing the seal of the relevant local board of health and signed by a veterinarian. The certificate should not be issued more than 10 days prior to the animal's arrival. A rabies certificate is needed. If the pet is AKC registered, travelers should have papers to that effect. Travelers should carefully check with the airlines to ensure that the airline has room on all portions of the trip to ensure that the pets arrive at the same time as the owner. Likewise, on the employee's departure, the employee must ensure that all animal documentation required by Kyrgyz and Kazakh authorities is completed well prior to departure and that solid reservations for the animals have been made on the airlines.

There are some competent local vets in Bishkek, but in general, veterinary care is at a level similar to that of the U.S. in the 1950s. There is no equipment available for any diagnostic work, even simple blood tests. Teeth cleaning, spaying, etc., should be done prior to arrival. Few vets have access to up-to-date vaccines from reliable companies. Refrigeration of vaccines is frequently ignored, thereby putting the vaccine's effectiveness at risk. Bishkek has no animal boarding facilities.

Pet owners should ship pet food and litter, as these products are not frequently found in Bishkek. Shipping a 3-month supply in your airfreight is advisable, as HHE and consumables may take that long, or longer, to arrive at post. Pets should be adaptable to apartment living, since some residences are apartments.

Customs and Duties Last Updated: 5/31/1998 6:00 PM

All diplomatic personnel are granted free entry of airfreight and HHE. Persons with diplomatic passports are not required to fill out customs declarations upon entering or leaving Kyrgyzstan or Kazakhstan, nor are they required to submit their bags to a customs inspection.

Household Effects (HHE). HHE and consumables should be consigned/marked as follows:

ELSO, Antwerp, Belgium for forwarding to Ambassador American Embassy Bishkek 66 Erkindik Prospect Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan For Your Name.

The Department of State transportation office will send the original bill of lading to the European Logistical Support Office (ELSO), Antwerp, Belgium, and a copy to the general services officer, American Embassy, Bishkek. The employee should ensure that the packer wraps consumables properly, as in the past consumables shipments have arrived damaged as no packing material was used to protect individual bottles, jars, cans, etc., by the packers. The employee should have the packer place cleaning supplies in boxes separate from food items.

HHE, consumables, and vehicles shipped from the U.S. will take approximately 4 months to arrive in Bishkek.

Airfteight-Unaccompanied Baggage (UAB). Airfreight shipments to Bishkek should be marked as follows:

American Ambassador American Embassy Bishkek 66 Erkindik Prospect Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (Tel: 222777) For Your Name.

The traveler should ensure with State Department transportation that airfreight is sent by commercial airlines, not by charter airlines to ensure expeditious delivery.

The traveler's diplomatic passport number should be cabled to post in advance of arrival to facilitate receiving the shipment. Traveler should ship only the weight limit authorized on travel orders.

UAB takes 2-4 weeks to arrive in Bishkek.

Personally Owned Vehicles. The original bill of lading should be sent to the European Logistical Support Office (ELSO), Antwerp, Belgium, and a copy to the GSO, Bishkek. Your personally owned vehicle should be consigned to:

Ambassador American Embassy Bishkek 66 Erkindik Prospect Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan For Your Name.

Many employees have shipped cars while several have purchased local NIVAs. Bishkek weather and road conditions are extremely hard on automobiles. Sturdy cars are recommended. Leaded and low quality diesel fuel is available locally. Unleaded gasoline is not available in Kyrgyzstan. You should ship fuel additives, oil, fuel and air filters as well as any other spare parts normally needed in a 2-year period. The catalytic converter must be removed from your car before shipment. Most employees have Clements car insurance available through their Arlington, VA office.

Passage Last Updated: 5/31/1998 6:00 PM

To enter Kyrgyzstan, the traveler must have a Kyrgyz or Kazak visa. Immunization and inoculation certification are not required at either the Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan or Almaty, Kazakhstan airport.

Pets Last Updated: 5/31/1998 6:00 PM

All dogs and cats entering Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan must be accompanied by a certificate of good health bearing the seal of the relevant local board of health and signed by a veterinarian. The certificate should not be issued more than 10 days prior to the animal's arrival. A rabies certificate is needed. Travelers should carefully check with the airlines to ensure that the airline has room on all portions of the trip to ensure that the pets arrive at the same time as the owner. Likewise, on the employee's departure, the employee must ensure that all animal documentation required in Kyrgyzstan and in Kazakhstan is completed well prior to departure and that solid reservations for the animals have been made on the airlines.

There are some competent local vets in Bishkek, but in general, veterinary care is at a level similar to that of the U.S. in the 1950s. Teeth cleaning, spaying, etc., should be done prior to arrival. Few vets have access to up-to-date vaccines from reliable companies. Refrigeration of vaccines is frequently ignored, thereby putting the vaccine's effectiveness at risk.

Pet owners should ship pet food and litter as these products are frequently unavailable in Bishkek. Shipping a 3-month supply in your airfreight is advisable, as HHE and consumables may take that long, or longer, to arrive at post.

Bishkek has no animal boarding facilities available.

Pets must be adaptable to apartment living as housing is typically in apartments.

Firearms and Ammunition Last Updated: 5/25/2004 7:25 AM

Except with specific advance approval from the Embassy, U.S. Government personnel cannot bring any type of firearm or ammunition into the Kyrgyz Republic.

Currency, Banking, and Weights and Measures Last Updated: 5/26/2004 4:44 AM

The Kyrgyz Republic is no longer a part of the previous Soviet centralized banking system and has established its own independent system. Several years ago the country introduced its own currency, the som. The rate of the som to the dollar in May 2004 was 43 to 1. Foreigners can open personal bank accounts in the country, but most transactions occur on a cash basis. There is no personal check cashing system in the country. However, the Embassy's cashier will cash checks up to $200 per day for permanently assigned personnel, provided U.S. cash is on hand. U.S. bills dated earlier than 1990, or bills that are worn, torn, or stained are usually not accepted in the country. Credit cards are accepted occasionally in hotels, but travelers should plan on using cash for most hotel bills.

The metric system of weights and measures is used.

Taxes, Exchange, and Sale of Property Last Updated: 5/25/2004 7:28 AM

The Kyrgyz government recently adopted a law requiring diplomats to pay value added tax at point-of-sale and be reimbursed later. The Embassy coordinates VAT reimbursement for both official and personal purchases.

To export any antique items and/or works of art, written permission from the Ministry of Culture must be obtained.

For Embassy U.S. direct-hire employees, the Embassy cashier can exchange dollars for som and cash a limited number of personal checks drawn on a U. S. bank account. Direct deposit of an employee's salary is a necessity, as pouched mail does not reach post expeditiously. Special arrangements must be made in advance to cash personal checks for large sums needed to purchase vehicles or airline tickets.

Recommended Reading Last Updated: 5/25/2004 7:29 AM

These titles are provided as a general indication of the material published on the Kyrgyz Republic and Central Asia. The Department of State does not endorse unofficial publications.

Aitmatov, Chingiz. Jamila.

- - - . The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years. Indiana University Press, 1988.

Franck, Irene M. The Silk Road: A History, New York, 1986.

Glazebrook, Philip. Journey to Khiva. Japan, 1996.

Hopkirk, Peter. Foreign Devils on the Silk Road. Massachusetts, 1984.

- - - . The Great Game, The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia, New York, 1992.

Kalter, Johannes. The Arts and Crafts of Turkestan. London, 1985.

Knobloch, Edgar. Monuments of Central Asia. London, 2001.

Lattimore, Own. The Desert Road to Turkestan. Japan, 1996.

Maillart, Ella. Turkestan Solo. 2001.

Makcemov, B. The Kirghiz Pattern, Frunze, 1986.

MacLean, Fitzroy. Easter Approaches.

Orozbakov, Sagymbai. Manas. UNESCO Edition, Bishkek, 1995.

Prohorov, B. Frunze, Moscow, 1984.

Prior, Daniel. Bishkek Handbook, Inside and Out. Bishkek, 1994.

- - -. Manas, the Epic Vision of Theodore Hergen, Bishkek, 1995.

Roy, Oliver. The New Central Asia. New York, 2000.

Stevens, Stuart. Night Train to Turkistan. New York, 1988.

Stewart, Rowan. Kyrgyzstan. (Guidebook), New York, 2002.

Shukurov, E. Discovery of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek, 1993.

Thubron, Colin. The Lost Heart of Asia, New York, 1994.

Whitfield, Susan. Life Along the Silk Road. Berkeley, 2001.

Whittel, Giles. Central Asia: The Practical Handbook. London, 1993.

Wimmel, Kenneth. The Alluring Target. Trackless Sands Press, 1997.

Silk Road Video series, 12 videos, Central Park Media, 1992.

Then & Now series, Lerner Publications

Local Holidays Last Updated: 5/25/2004 7:34 AM

New Years Day Jan. 1 Christmas (Russian Orthodox) Jan. 7 Women's Day Mar. 8 Nooruz (Muslim New Year, Day of Vernal Equinox) Mar. 21 International Day of Solidarity Among Workers May 1 Constitution Day May 5 Day of Victory Over Fascism May 9 Independence Day Aug. 31

Dates of two National sliding Islamic holidays -- Orozo Ait (end of Ramadan) and Kurban Ait (Sacrifice Day) -- are determined by the lunar calendar. They are announced by the Kyrgyz Government in mass media.