Preface Last Updated: 6/24/2005
8:38 AM
The Republic of Slovenia is one of the youngest countries in
central Europe. With 2 million inhabitants in a country about the
size of Israel, Slovenia is strategically located at the crossroads
between western and central Europe from west to east, and between
central Europe and the Balkans from north to south.
Although the Slovene people have occupied their lands for over a
thousand years, they have always been dominated and ruled by
foreigners. Most notably, the Austro-Hungarian Empire ruled these
lands for centuries and had the greatest impact on the shaping of
Slovene culture and character. From 1918 to 1941, Slovenia joined
its Slavic cousins Croatia and Serbia to form the new state, the
Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, which eventually transformed
into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia under the reign of a Serbian monarch.
With the onset of World War II, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia collapsed
and the Axis Powers of Germany and Italy divided and occupied
Slovenia until 1945. After World War II, Marshal Tito and his
communist partisans firmly took control of Yugoslavia until its
final disintegration in 1991.
Slovenia's road to democracy and independence was neither easy
nor without risk. In September 1989, the General Assembly of the
Yugoslav Republic of Slovenia boldly adopted an amendment to its
constitution that gave the people of Slovenia the right to secede
from Yugoslavia. In April 1990, parliamentary elections were held
and a new anticommunist coalition, DEMOS, obtained a majority in
Parliament. Milan Kucan was elected as President of the four-member
Presidency of Slovenia. Then, on December 23, 1990, more than 88% of
the electorate voted for independence. With this public mandate, on
June 25, 1991, the Slovenian Parliament adopted a new constitutional
charter on sovereignty and declared independence from Yugoslavia.
(The Republics of Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia
followed suit.) In response to Slovenia's declaration, the Yugoslav
Government ordered its army to secure and seal the Slovene borders.
However, after 10 days of hostilities and confrontations, Slovenia
successfully defended its territory and the Yugoslav army withdrew.
Once its independence and sovereignty were secure, Slovenia began
a diplomatic campaign to gain international recognition. The United
States officially recognized Slovenia on April 7, 1992, and Slovenia
became a member of the United Nations on May 22, 1992. A year later,
Slovenia became a member of the Council of Europe. In spring 2004
Slovenia joined NATO and European Union.
An assignment to the American Embassy in Ljubljana will not only
expose you to the rich cultural history and charm of this Alpine
people, but will bring you to the center of a middle-income country
rapidly converging with the rest of Europe. A tour in Slovenia will
be of particular interest and challenge now that Slovenia has
entered the EU and is a member of NATO.
The Host Country
Area, Geography, and Climate Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Slovenia is a central European country with a surface area of
12,153 square miles. Austria borders it to the north, Hungary to the
northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and Italy to the
west. To the southwest, Slovenia has a 28-mile coastline on the
Adriatic Sea.
There are basically six topographies: the Alps, including the
Julian Alps, the Kamnik-Savinja Alps, the Karavanke chain and the
Pohorje Massif to the north and northeast; the pre-Alpine hills of
Idrija, Cerkno, Skofja Loka and Posavje spreading across the entire
southern side of the Alps; the Dinaric karst (a limestone region of
underground rivers, gorges, and caves) below the hills and
encompassing the "true" or "original" Karst Plateau (from which all
karst regions around the world take their name) between Ljubljana
and the Italian border; the Slovenian Littoral, 28 miles of
coastline along the Adriatic Sea; the "lowlands," comprising about
one-fifth of the territory in various parts of the country; and the
essentially flat Pannonian Plain to the east and northeast.
Slovenia is predominantly hilly or mountainous; about 90% of the
surface is more than 700 feet above sea level. Forest, some of it
virgin, covers just under half of the country, making Slovenia one
of the greenest countries in the world. Agricultural land (fields,
orchards, vineyards, pastures, etc.) account for 43% of the total.
Slovenia is temperate with four seasons, but the topography
creates three individual climates. The northwest has an Alpine
climate with strong influences from the Atlantic and abundant
precipitation. Temperatures in the Alpine valleys are moderate in
summer but cold in winter. The coast and a large part of Primorska
as far as the Soca Valley has a Mediterranean climate with warm
sunny weather much of the year and mild winters. Most of eastern
Slovenia has a Continental climate with hot summers and cold
winters. The average temperature in July is 68-75 °F in the interior
while on the coast it is around 82-85 °F. Ljubljana sits in a
valley, and often has fog or rain covering the city.
Slovenia gets most of its rain in the spring (May and June) and
autumn (October and November). January is the coldest month with an
average temperature of 30°F, and July is the warmest, with an
average temperature of 70°F. The mean average temperature in
Ljubljana is 50°F. Average annual precipitation is 31" in the east
and 117" in the northeast, on account of heavier snowfall.
Major rivers are the Drava, Sava (which meets the Danube in
Belgrade), Soca, and Mura.
Population Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Slovenia has a population of some two million, which is about 90%
Slovene, with sizable Italian and Hungarian minorities. Slovenes are
descendants of the Southern Slavs who settled in what is now
Slovenia and parts of Italy, Austria, and Hungary from the 6th
century AD. Other groups identify themselves as Croats (2.7%), Serbs
(2.5%), and simply "Muslems" (1.3%). There are also 8,500 ethnic
Hungarians and 2,300 Gypsies, largely in Prekmurje, as well as 3,000
Italians in Primorska.
The Italians and Hungarians are considered indigenous minorities
with rights protected under the constitution, and they have special
deputies looking after their interests in Parliament.
Ethnic Slovenes living outside the national borders number about
400,000, with the vast majority (almost 75%) in the U.S. and Canada.
Cleveland, Ohio, is the largest "Slovenian" city outside Slovenia.
Slovene minorities also live in Italy, Austria and Hungary.
The population density is 300 people per square mile, with the
urban-rural ratio split almost exactly in half. The five largest
settlements in Slovenia are Ljubljana (270,000), Maribor (108,000),
Celje (40,000), Kranj (30,000), and Koper (25,300). The population
is growing older. At present, 15% of Slovenia is over 60 years of
age, and is expected to rise to over 25%.
About 80% of Slovenes are Roman Catholic. An archbishop sits in
Ljubljana, and there are bishoprics at Maribor and Koper. Eastern
Orthodox Christians, Muslems, and Protestants are represented in
small percentages.
Public Institutions Last Updated: 11/10/2004 3:50 AM
Slovenia is a Parliamentary democracy and constitutional
republic. Within its government, power is shared among a directly
elected President, a Prime Minister, and a bicameral legislature
(Parliament). Parliament is composed of the National Assembly, which
takes the lead on virtually all-legislative issues, and the National
Council. The Constitutional Court reviews legislation to ensure its
consistency with the Slovenian Constitution.
Slovenia successfully integrated into NATO [March 2004] and the
European Union [May 1, 2004]. Both goals were achieved with the
strong support of the major parliamentarian parties, except the
Slovenian National Party (SNS) and the Slovenian Youth Party (SMS),
which strongly opposed NATO membership.
The first Slovenian elections for the European Parliament took
place in June 2004. LDS faced its first defeat since 1992, getting
only 21% support, while New Slovenia (NSi) was the most successful
party in the elections with 23%.
In October 2004, Slovenia held national elections on which the
leading opposition party SDS [Slovene Democratic Party] received the
relative majority of votes and thus opportunity to form the new
government. The most likely coalition will consist of SDS [PM Janez
Jansa], New Slovenia, Slovene People’s Party and the Democratic
Party of Pensioners of Slovenia. All these parties together hold 49
seats in the 90-seats National Assembly. It is expected the new GOS
will be elected and operational in late December 2004.
Slovenia enjoys excellent relations with the United States and
cooperates with it actively on a number of fronts. Slovenia was one
of the first countries to join the Coalition against Terrorism and
continues to actively support it.
Slovenia held a non-permanent seat in the UN Security Council
from 1998-1999, distinguishing itself with constructive, creative,
and consensus-oriented activism. Slovenia will take up the OSCE
Chairmanship-in-Office in 2005, and is currently in the
organization’s leadership troika. Slovenia joined the United Nations
in May 1992 and the Council of Europe in May 1993. Slovenia is also
a member of most major international financial institutions (the
International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, and the European
Bank for Reconstruction and Development), as well as 40 other
international organizations, including the World Trade Organization,
of which it is a founding member.
One of Slovenia’s primary foreign policy goals is the
stabilization and economic and political development of Southeastern
Europe (SEE). Slovenia actively contributes to the political
development of the region through participation in various Stability
Pact projects, through SFOR in Bosnia, and with UNMIK in Kosovo.
Through the “Together” Regional Center for Psychosocial Well-being
of Children, Slovenia supports the rehabilitation of victims of
violence in the region. Slovenia has taken a leading role in
demining projects, creating the International Trust Fund for
Demining and Mine Victims Assistance (ITF), which has achieved
considerable success. ITF has established partnership relations with
competent bodies in SEE countries as well as with other
international organizations involved in demining, particularly the
United Nations. Slovenia is also a leading investor in several SEE
countries.
Slovenia, in accordance with its EU membership, is implementing
further reforms in the field of public administration laws and
regulations. Judicial reform is still underway and different
measures to decrease judicial backlogs have been taken. Slovenia
continues to respect human rights and freedoms. It has achieved
significant progress on the free movement of persons, fisheries,
economic and monetary union, employment and social policy, regional
policy, the environment, and financial control. The Government of
Slovenia, however, still has to strengthen its institutions’
capacity and infrastructure to comply with the Schengen Action Plan
(border security).
Arts, Science, and Education Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
The Reformation brought literacy and general culture to the
Slovenes in the 16th century. Where before only a small number of
religious persons could read and write Latin, the introduction of
the printing press made the Slovene language available to the
masses--a political as well as a cultural milestone. Adam Bohoric
printed Primoz Trubar's The Catechism in 1551, while 1584 saw the
publishing of the first translation of the Bible into Slovene by
Jurij Dalmatin, and the first Slovene grammar. Although the
subsequent Counter-Reformation crushed the religious gains made by
the Protestant Reformation, the linguistic seed of Slovene
nationhood had taken root. To this day, October 31, Reformation Day,
is celebrated as a national holiday.
Drama and poetry were also instrumental in developing the Slovene
language in the 18th and 19th centuries. The poems of Valentin
Vodnik and the plays of Anton T. Linhart expressed the libertarian
spirit of the French Enlightenment and the French Revolution.
The great educational reforms introduced by Austrian Empress
Maria Theresa in the late 1700s resulted in mass literacy of the
Slovene people. As a result, poet France Preseren, a lawyer and
freethinker, brought to Slovene poetry all the principal classical
poetic forms; he spiritually kindled the sub-Alpine province with
the fighting spirit of the European Romantics and thus articulated
the national consciousness. A century and a half after its creation,
his Zdravljica (The Toast) became the national anthem of the Slovene
State.
Other influential writers were Ivan Cankar and Oton Zupancic.
Both contributed to the cultural and spiritual development as well
as the political life of the Slovene people. Cankar, a master of
symbolic sketches and somewhat Ibsen-like plays about the
disintegration of provincial values at a time of industrialization
and the advance of capital, was also an enthusiastic essayist.
Zupancic, whose explicitly modern approach to poetry and powerful
personality made him for many years the standard for other poets,
also supported the national resistance from the start of World War
II.
The Slovene capital of Ljubljana has a variety of theaters:
drama, opera, and ballet companies of the Slovene National Theater
(Ljubljana), the Municipal Theater, Slovene Youth Theater, and other
amateur theaters. There are also drama, opera and ballet companies
in Maribor, Slovenia's second largest city, and professional
theaters perform in Celje, Kranj, and Nova Gorica (as well as in
Trieste in Italy). An international agreement guarantees the Slovene
minority their own artistic creativity.
Music is an important part of the Slovene culture. Some
documentary evidence suggests that the Slovenes first brought their
own musical culture with them to their new homeland in the 6th
century. Monasteries, churches, and schools provided melodic and
harmonic choral and liturgical singing. By the end of the Middle
Ages, church music had reached a relatively high level based on the
polyphony prevailing in European centers of the time.
In the 18th century, the first Slovene opera was written--Belin
by J. Zupan and F.A. Dev. In 1701, Ljubljana received its Academia
Philharmonicorum, the forerunner of today's Philharmonic. Europe's
leading composers and performers of the day--Joseph Hayden, Ludwig
von Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Niccolo Paganini, Johannes
Brahms, Bedrich Smetana, Antonin Dvorak--were honorary members, and
frequently appeared on the Philharmonia stage. Its conductors--guest
and permanent--included Gustav Mahler, Pablo Sarasate, and Eugene
d'Albert.
Choral singing is also deeply rooted in Slovene culture and very
popular. The meeting of choirs at Sentvid by Sticna each year brings
together several thousand singers. Representatives of alternative
music and culture, groups like Laibach and Borghesia, are
specifically Slovene phenomenons.
The most important Slovene fine art can be seen in national
institutions such as the National Gallery and the Modern Gallery in
Ljubljana, and in numerous smaller galleries and exhibitions
throughout Slovenia. At Ljubljana's Academy of Fine Arts, Slovene
painters keep pace with the world's creativity, as do sculptors,
successors to the traditions of Bernkeker, Zajc, Kalin, Savinsek,
and many others. An International Graphics Biennial was initiated in
1955 under the auspices of the Modern Gallery, expanded in 1987 to
an International Graphic Arts Center.
Architecture is also an important aspect of the Slovenian culture
and character. Slovenia's most famous architect, Joze Plecnik,
developed a master plan for the reconstruction of Ljubljana after
much of its city center was destroyed in an earthquake in 1895. His
works included the famous bridge of Tromostovje (Three Bridges),
Ljubljana's busiest and most beautiful bridge; the National and
University Library; the open market by the Ljubljanica River; Zale
Cemetery, the Garden of All Saints; the adaptation of Krizanke for
the summer theater; the Churches of St. Francis in Siska and St.
Michael on the Marsh; and the central stadium. Credit for
Ljubljana's architectural charm is also due to modern architect Max
Fabiani, who conceived the beautiful Secession Park in the city
center.
Any discussion of Slovene culture must take into account such
important institutions as the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts
and the University. The Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts was
founded just prior to World War II (1938), but has deep roots
reaching back to the 17th century, to the Academia Operosorum. The
University of Ljubljana, founded in 1919, was Slovenia's only
educational institution until the founding of its second university
in Maribor in 1975.
The first well-known Slovene scientist was the social historian,
Janez Vajkard Valvasor (1641-1693), a member of the British Royal
Society. In 1689, he published in 3,500 pages a richly illustrated
work, In Praise of the Duchy of Carniola, which thoroughly presented
a central part of Slovenia to Europe and remains an important
reference source to the day.
The first scientific academy operated in Ljubljana in the period
from 1693 to 1725. In 1762, almost 100 years before Pasteur, the
physician Marko Plencic recognized microorganisms as the cause of
contagious diseases. The mathematician Jurij Vega developed
logarithms in the 1700s while the greatest Slovene physicist, Jozef
Stefan, discovered the law of heat radiation in 1879. In 1923,
Ljubljana-born Friderik Pregl received the chemistry Nobel Prize for
his work on organic chemical microanalysis.
After World War II, a number of basic research institutes were
established in Slovenia: physics, chemistry, electromechanical, and
others. The Physics Institute, named after Jozef Stefan, has become
one of Slovenia's premier research institutes with approximately 550
scientists. Its founder and first director, physicist Anton Peterlin,
went abroad in 1960 and became one of the top scientists in the
field of large molecules and polymerization. The Stefan Institute
keeps abreast of the world's main developmental trends in at least
10 fields. As such, it is a natural venue for scientific and
environmental programming, conducting all nuclear and environmental
research in Slovenia. It is also actively involved in international
exchange.
Today, with a total of 27,000 students and 1,300 faculty members
spread among 20 separate faculties, three academies, three
specialized schools, and other associated research institutes, the
University of Ljubljana remains preeminent. The Economics Faculty's
MBA program has profited from a 30-year relationship with the
University of Indiana.
The University of Maribor has 12,500 students and 550 professors
and has been particularly interested in expanding its cooperation
with American educational institutions.
In addition, six freestanding institutes of higher education that
grant diplomas have recently been established, with three already
fully operational. Two other institutions, the privately operated
GEA College and the MBA Center at Brdo, both have excellent
international reputations.
The board of education is engaged in a major overhaul of the
Slovene school system, including instituting new standardized exams,
curriculum reform, educational technology, and foreign language
teaching, to better match it to the country's projected economic
needs.
Commerce and Industry Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
With less than 2 million inhabitants, Slovenia's economy produced
$19.64 billion in goods and services. Slovenians per capita earn
just over $10,000, which is one of the highest among all
transitional countries in central and Eastern Europe. The country
has a reliable and modern telecommunications system, relatively good
public utility infrastructure, a well-developed and modern
industrial base, and an educated and productive work force.
Due to its strategic location, Slovenia has embarked on an
ambitious road construction plan that will criss-cross the country
in two directions: from east to west, linking
Milan-Ljubljana-Budapest; and from north to south, linking
Munich-Ljubljana-Zagreb. Under this plan, the Slovene traffic
network will be entirely modernized by the year 2005. A planned
railway from Hungary to the Slovene Port of Koper is another
important transportation plan, thereby giving central Europe a new
access to the Adriatic coast.
The Slovene economy is extremely diverse. Manufacturing, which
has made considerable progress in recent years, provides almost 30%
of the gross domestic product. It is followed in importance by
trade, business and financial service, transport, and agency
business. Tourism is directly responsible for only around 3% of the
gross domestic product, but it is extremely important, both for its
general effect on the Slovene economy and for the balance of
payments. In 1997, Slovenia's tourism industry provided a US$1.2
billion contribution to the current account.
Small businesses have been the engine of Slovenia's economic
growth in recent years. The number of registered companies has grown
to almost 52,000 (36,700 were active at the end of 1997).
Ninety-five percent of all companies are small, with up to 50
employees. Large companies with more than 250 persons account for 2%
and medium-sized companies, roughly 4%.
Industrial production in Slovenia is diverse, with approximately
6,800 industrial companies in all branches, employing close to
240,000 persons and making roughly 1,690 different groups of
industrial products. Primary production includes: electrical
machinery and equipment, metal workings in the production of
vehicles and machinery, textiles and leather products, wood products
and foodstuff, iron and glass, and pharmaceuticals and furniture.
Per capita exports in 1997 amounted to $4,220; considerably
higher than other southern, central, and eastern European countries,
reflecting Slovenia's exceptional openness. The total exports of
goods and services in 1997 reached $10.5 billion, of which exports
of goods contributed $8.4 billion. Slovenia has enjoyed virtual
balance in the current account since 1992.
Slovenia has a number of important foreign trading partners in
the EU, notably Germany, Italy, and Austria. In 1997, Slovenia
negotiated an Association Agreement with the EU and expects to
become a full member. Slovenia is also a member of CEFTA (Central
European Free Trade Agreement) and has signed 30 free trade
agreements with a number of countries including Macedonia, Croatia,
Israel, Turkey, and the Baltic States.
The tax system has to a large extent been harmonized with
arrangements in other European countries. Profits are taxed at a
level of 25%. Individual income tax rates range from 17%-50%. There
is a compulsory social security contribution from employees (22.1%
of gross pay) and employers (an additional contribution of 19.9%). A
new law on value added tax and another on excise duty tax entered in
force in July 1999, creating a general tax level of 19% and a
reduced rate of 8%.
The process of privatization (or ownership transformation of a
formerly socially owned firm) was formally concluded in Slovenia at
the end of 1997. The first dividends were paid to the new
shareholders in 1995, and shares of an increasing number of
companies are traded on the Ljubljana stock exchange.
U.S. policy supports the strengthening of bilateral economic
ties, particularly trade and private business investment, which
contribute to Slovenia's development. Some 50 American companies,
including some of the largest Fortune 500 firms, have established a
presence in the country. Most of these companies are members of the
American Chamber of Commerce in Slovenia, established in July 1999.
The U.S. has supported Slovene application for membership in such
international economic organizations as the World Bank and IMF.
Official U.S. economic assistance through the Support for Eastern
European Democracy (SEED) officially closed out in September 1997,
and as arelatively limited and focused on financial markets..
Although some follow-on activities continue, technical assistance is
provided largely without official AID intermediation.
The Ljubljana stock exchange was established in 1989 as the first
stock exchange in Eastern Europe. Until the recently ended mass
privatization of Slovenian economy, the stock exchange did not play
an important role. Market capitalization has grown strongly in
recent years, a trend that should continue as the culmination of the
privatization program brings increasing supply to market.
Transportation
Automobiles Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Like in most of Europe, compact or smaller cars are preferred
because of their ease in parking, fuel economy, and resale value.
Any standard-make European or Asian-make car is suitable. There are
a great number and variety of mechanical repair stations for most
types of cars. Chrysler and Ford are the two American car companies
represented in Slovenia. Slovene law permits diplomats to import
vehicles of any age, but the vehicles must pass a technical
inspection. No taxes or customs fees need to be paid on the vehicle,
unless the car is sold to a nondiplomat within 3 years of arrival.
Unleaded gasoline is readily available. Following importation and
registration of a POV, each Embassy employee is issued a petrol card
to allow purchase of a limited amount (total of 900 liters per 3
months for the first car and 300 liters per 3 months for the second
car registered under an employee's or a family member's name) of
tax-free gasoline. Gasoline purchased through use of these cards
from Petrol filling stations is about 60% cheaper than the standard
pump price. All cars brought into the Republic of Slovenia must have
a factory-installed catalytic converter; an older car that cannot be
equipped with a catalytic converter cannot be used.
The total cost of Local Third-Liability Insurance, Vehicle
Inspections, and Registration Fees for your vehicle can be
expensive, and typically ranges between 400 and 1,200 U.S. Dollars.
Insurance, which is based on engine power is the major expense, but
discounts may be obtained if you provide a safe driving certificate
from your insurance company. Slovene law requires that cars be
equipped with a European first-aid kit, triangle emergency breakdown
marker (available locally), and a set of spare fuses and bulbs. On
trips to nearby Croatia, a rope for emergency vehicle towing is also
required. Additional obligatory equipment for winter includes: tire
chains; small shovel; small bag of sand; and, a blanket. Snow tires,
or radial tires, are recommended for winter driving.
A U.S. drivers license accompanied by a diplomatic identity card
serves as a valid drivers license in the Republic of Slovenia.
Locally purchased third-party-liability insurance is required for
all vehicles. Every car shipped to Slovenia must pass a technical
inspection prior to purchase of this insurance and temporary
insurance must be purchased to cover this interim period. This
temporary insurance costs between 7,000 and 15,000 SIT ($30 and
$62), depending on the size of the engine.
Traffic moves on the right. Road signs and traffic rules are
similar to those used throughout Europe. During winter, roads are
adequately cleared of snow and ice. Traffic within city limits can
get surprisingly heavy at times but is generally light compared to
most major U.S. cities. On major freeways, traffic delays are
unusual except during the summer vacation period, July through
September, when long delays can be experienced, especially at border
crossings.
Local Transportation Last Updated: 11/9/2004 9:18 AM
The public bus system in Ljubljana is excellent. Because of the
shortage of parking downtown, many Embassy personnel commute by bus.
In general, buses run from 6:00 a.m. to midnight. A one-time ticket
costs 300 SIT ($1.5); tokens which are sold in any post office or
kiosk are 190 SIT ($1). Taxis are available either by telephone or
at taxi stands. Bicycles are also widely used for in-city commuting.
Regional Transportation Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
There is train and bus service throughout Slovenia and to
neighboring countries. The road system is excellent, though the
highway system is still under construction in some areas. Ljubljana
has one international airport (Brnik) with flights to and from major
European cities.
Communications
Telephones and Telecommunications Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Within Slovenia, telephone calls are very inexpensive but calls
to other countries are much more expensive than in the U.S. Several
international companies provide international callback services at
reasonable prices. There is no provision for calling card use in
Slovenia.
Internet Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Among the frequently accessed sites in Slovenia are:
http://www.ijs.si/slo/, A Guide to Virtual Slovenia, and
http://www.arnes.si, Academic and Research Network of Slovenia.
The Public Affairs Section in Ljubljana also maintains an
official Web Site to disseminate information about the Embassy, U.S.
Government policy, and other related information. The web address
is: http://www.usembassy.si
Mail and Pouch Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Since there is no APO at post, both personal (including incoming
packages within pouch weight and size limits) and official mail go
through the diplomatic pouch. The diplomatic pouch arrives twice
weekly. American personnel can use Aviano Air Base postal facilities
to send packages and buy stamps. The international mail in Slovenia
is also reliable.
Pouch mail address:
Ms. Jane Doe
7140 Ljubljana Place
Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20521-7140
International mail address:
Ms. Jane Doe
American Embassy
31 Presernova
1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Radio and TV Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
There are several Slovenian television channels: one national TV
station with two channels and several private TV stations. A regular
antenna will pick up local stations that carry English-language TV
shows and films, with subtitles in Slovene. Most areas have access
to cable TV, which provides over 30 channels, including CNN, TNT,
BBC, and the Discovery Channel. There are numerous radio stations,
both public and private.
Newspapers, Magazines, and Technical Journals Last Updated:
2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Slovenia has four daily newspapers: Delo (Work), Dnevnik (Daily),
Vecer (Evening), and Slovenska novice (Slovenia News). Some three
dozen weeklies, biweeklies, and monthlies cover topics as diverse as
agriculture, finance, and women's fashion.
There are no locally published English-language newspapers,
though Vitrum publishes a good political and business newsletter
called Slovenia Weekly and a magazine devoted to tourism, leisure
and the arts called Flaneur.
The International Herald Tribune provides same-day delivery
service. Other English-language newspapers and magazines are
available at newsstands.
Health and Medicine
Medical Facilities Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
When arriving at post, it is recommended that you hand carry your
medical records and prescriptions.
In general, medical services in Slovenia are excellent. The
principal medical institution is The University Clinical Medical
Center in Ljubljana. It is a diagnostic, therapeutic, research
center that also serves as an educational base for the School of
Medicine of the University of Ljubljana. The Embassy has an
agreement with a small clinic to serve as the first point of contact
for general medical concerns for all American staff and dependents,
with English-speaking doctors, both generalists and specialists.
Dental facilities are adequate, but it is recommended that
employees and their dependents have a thorough dental check-up
before coming to post. Slovene dentists do not routinely practice
preventive care as is common in the United States.
English-speaking Alcoholics Anonymous Meetings are held in
Ljubljana one evening a week.
There is a Regional Medical Office in Vienna. The regional
medical officer and the Foreign Service Nurse Practitioners
stationed in Budapest visit the Embassy quarterly. They renew
prescriptions and provide general consultation service to employees
and their families. Embassy staff have also used the clinic at
Aviano Air Base on a fee basis. The Embassy has a booklet listing
local doctors and dentists who speak English.
Community Health Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Tap water is potable. Sterilized long-life and fresh milk is
available. Raw fruits and vegetables are safe to eat using the
precautions one would normally follow in the U.S. Sewage and garbage
disposal treatment is adequate.
Antibiotics, allergy medication and all other prescription
medication are available at local pharmacies. Regularly used
prescription medication can be renewed through the mail system using
the diplomatic pouch service. Some over-the-counter medicine is
available locally. Most U.S. brands are also available through U.S.
Military exchange stores in Italy.
Preventive Measures Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Either the visiting mediacal staff administers periodic flu shots
from Budapest or by local doctors. For those persons who engage in
outdoor activities, a vaccine to prevent tick-borne encephalitis is
recommended and is also administered periodically.
Employment for Spouses and Dependents Last Updated: 2/28/2003
6:00 PM
There are several opportunities for employment of spouses in the
Embassy, which has four to six PIT positions. Slovenia and the U.S.
recently signed a Spousal Employment Agreement, which should provide
enhanced opportunities for spousal employment. One difficulty,
however, is the requirement for Slovene-language ability in many
jobs. Some dependents give English-language classes. Berlitz, having
recently opened in Slovenia, recruits English-language instructors,
but applicants must also possess a working knowledge of Slovene.
Many new companies opening in Slovenia will need English-speaking
personnel, but will also require Slovene.
American Embassy - Ljubljana
Post City Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Slovenia was one of the inner provinces of the Hapsburg Empire
until the demise of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I. A
major earthquake destroyed most of the buildings in the city around
the turn of the century, so many public and private buildings in the
city center are done in the secession style of the late imperial
period. Together with the medieval castle on the hill and the
Ljubljanica River which meanders through the old town, there is a
distinct Old World flavor to the Slovenian capital.
Ljubljana and its outlying suburbs number nearly 300,000
inhabitants. The city has doubled in size since World War II, yet
has benefited from a planning policy that encouraged industrial
development in other parts of the Republic.
As the center of a small republic which places a high value on
its culture, Ljubljana is home to a more intense cultural life than
its size would suggest. In addition to several museums and theaters,
the city has its own opera and ballet, two symphony orchestras, a
cinema society, and writers' club. Yet, because of the beauty of the
Slovenian countryside and the proximity of the Adriatic coast and
surrounding mountains, inhabitants frequently go out of town on
weekends, often taking advantage of their easy access to Italy and
Austria. Most Slovenians are deeply attached to the countryside, and
skis and walking boots are a common sight on the streets.
The Post and Its Administration Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
In 1970, the then United States Information Service (USIS)
established an office in Ljubljana as one of the four USIS posts in
the former Yugoslavia.
Following the establishment of an independent Slovene state, the
American Embassy was established in August 25, 1992, at a temporary
location at Prazakova 4. A permanent building was purchased and
renovations were completed during December 1999. Marc Grossman, then
Assistant Secretary of European Affairs, inaugurated the new
Embassy, on December 17, 1999. The Embassy telephone number is
(386-1) 200-5500 and the fax number is (386-1) 200-5555.
The Embassy is staffed with the Executive Office (Ambassador, DCM,
and Ambassador's Office Manager, Foreign Service and DCM's Office
Manager, PIT), Political Office, Econimic Office, Regional Affairs
Office, Administrative Office, General Services Office, Regional
Security Office, 6-member Marine Security Detatchment, Consular
Office, Commercial Office, Public Affairs Office, Defense Attaché
Office, and a Security Assistance Office. One American officer and 7
FSNs administer an Information Resource Center and informational and
cultural programs. A Military Liaison Team from EUCOM works closely
with the Embassy. Office hours are from 8:15 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., with
45-minute lunch break, Monday through Friday.
Persons assigned to Ljubljana should write to the Embassy
administrative officer as soon as possible, giving their firm
arrival itinerary. They should include the names and ages of
accompanying dependents, along with any special requirements. If
pets are accompanying, that information should also be included (see
"Notes for Travelers" Section for special requirements for pets).
Sponsors will meet employees and their dependents at the airport.
Housing
Temporary Quarters Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Every effort is made to move employees and their dependents
directly into their permanent quarters upon arrival. If that is not
possible, families will stay at one of the following hotels within
walking distance of the Embassy: Grand Hotel Union, Holiday Inn, or
Slon Hotel.
Permanent Housing Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Permanent housing in Ljubljana consists of fully furnished
government-leased apartments, townhouses or houses. Assignment of
housing is determined by the guidelines in Airgram 171 of May 23,
1991. Although the Embassy tries to assign personnel according to
uniform space standards, it is not always able to do so because of
the limitations of properties available. Apartments and/or houses
often lack a separate dining area, having instead a combined
kitchen/dining room arrangement. Living rooms and bedrooms are
generally smaller than U.S. standards. Most housing within the city
center consists of old buildings internally renovated but with
exteriors preserved intact. However, most of those apartments have
modern bathrooms and kitchens. Most housing is within walking
distance of the Embassy. With the exception of the Ambassador's
residence, all housing is government-leased.
The Ambassador's Residence: The three-story building was built in
1926 and acquired by the U.S. Government in early 1998. Situated
west of the new Embassy the building faces on to Tivoli Park to the
north. It was originally built as a residential out-structore on the
adjacent Kollman estate, which subsequently became "Vila Podroznik,"
the Slovenian executive mansion. The site of the building has since
been separated from the Kollman property. The building originally
contained four apartments, two on the principal floor, and two on
the second floor. At the time the building was acquired by the U.S.
three additional apartments had been added, one in the basement and
two in the attic.
The building has about 792 gross square meters of usable space
including the basement and attic. It sits freestanding on a lot of
approximately 1,980 square meters. There are small front and side
yards, the the bulk of the open space at the rear of the house. The
rear yard contains a gazebo. The principal feature of the existing
landscape is a grove of mature pine trees about 100 feet in height.
The present DCM's residence is a five-level house with a two-car
garage and a wine cellar at the basement level. The second level has
a maid's room, bathroom with shower and a large kitchen suitable for
official functions. The next level is the main entrance level to the
house with a dining room to accommodate up to 14 guests. The dining
room opens out to a large veranda that is suitable for outside
dining and/or drinks. There is also a small bedroom and powder room
at the same level. A few steps lead to the living room area which
contains a fireplace and small kitchen used for serving cocktails.
The living room also opens onto another veranda and part of a garden
surrounding the house. Again, a few more steps lead the way to the
master bedroom, dressing room, full bath, and a separate powder
room. On the same level is a small study. The next level houses a
large guest bedroom, with a separate living area and a full bath.
The top level is suitable for storage.
Furnishings Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Quarters are supplied with basic U.S. Government furniture,
including a stove, refrigerator, freezer, washer and dryer. Most
quarters are also equipped with dishwashers provided by the property
owners. Most appliances are smaller European models due to space
restrictions and lack of connections required for the larger
American appliances. Families must be ready to accept the European
standard, since in most cases post cannot undertake the renovations
and plumbing changes needed to accommodate American appliances.
The living rooms usually include a 3-seat sofa, one love seat,
one wingback chair, 2 end tables, one coffee table, 2 table lamps,
one bookshelf, and one 2-door cabinet. Dining rooms will have one
china cabinet and base, one sideboard, one table and eight chairs.
The master bedroom will have one queen-sized bed, one dresser, one
mirror, one chest of drawers, 2 bedside tables, 2 table lamps, and
one chair. The other bedrooms will have twin beds, one bedside
table, one chest of drawers, one mirror, and one table lamp. It
should be noted that not many apartments/houses are large enough to
accommodate all of the furniture in a basic kit.
Utilities and Equipment Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
The electricity supply is 220v, 50 cycles. Appliances rated for
110v or 120v at a maximum charge rate of 10 amperes (about 1,000
watts) may be operated by using a stepdown transformer of 220v to
110v connected to each outlet. Transformers are available on loan
from GSO for government-owned equipment or can be purchased through
the military exchange facilities in Italy. Voltage stabilizers are
not usually required for sensitive electronic equipment.
All quarters have private telephones. Telephone charges are paid
monthly. Calls are not itemized unless specifically requested, in
which case a small charge is added to the monthly bill.
There is no central air-conditioning in the Embassy housing.
Central heat and hot water are generally provided through a central
city system from government-run facilities.
Food Last Updated: 11/9/2004 9:19 AM
The Slovene market provides exceptional quality foods. There are
no food shortages. There are several food stores/supermarkets where
many important food items, including Western cereals, and
convenience foods, with new items being added to the shelves
periodically. Open markets offer plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables,
and herbs. The variety of fresh fruits and vegetables may be limited
during winter months, but summer months offer more variation at
reasonable prices. Beef, pork, chicken, turkey, and fish are
available as are canned, frozen and a wide variety of baby food.
Prices are typically higher than in the U.S. Cleaning supplies are
plentiful but more expensive than in the United States.
Slovene beer and wine are very good and not expensive. Slovenia
is filled with vineyards of high quality and variety. Other liquors
are available but are expensive. Employees and their families can
make trips to commissary and exchange stores at the Air Base in
Aviano or Army Base in Vicenza, Italy, for food, supplies and other
U.S. products. The American Embassy in Vienna issues military ID and
ration cards for access to military facilities throughout Europe.
Clothing Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Good quality clothing is available, but the prices are high
compared to prices in the U.S. Limited items can be purchased at the
military exchange stores in Italy. Prices and products on the
Italian and Austrian economy are also higher than in the U.S.
Military personnel attached to the Embassy wear uniforms for
dress occasions, such as National Day receptions, escorting military
visitors and conducting official business with host-country
officials. For specific uniform requirements, military personnel
should contact the Defense Attaché's Office in the Embassy.
In general, a wardrobe suitable for Northeastern U.S. weather
should be satisfactory. Boots, heavy winter coats, raincoats, and
umbrellas are a must throughout fall and winter months. Light summer
clothing is needed for July and August, with light sweaters, suits,
light raincoats required for spring and early summer.
Supplies and Services
Supplies Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Basic toiletries, cosmetics, tobacco products, medicines, and
household supplies are available either from local stores, duty-free
shops, or through mail order. Local stores sell mainly European
brands. They can also be purchased at the military exchange stores
in Italy. Specific brands may not always be available through these
sources, so pack necessities in your shipment.
Basic Services Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Good, reasonably priced tailors and dressmakers are available in
Ljubljana. Local drycleaning and shoe repair services are also
available. There are several excellent beauty and barbershops which
provide service at prices comparable to those in the U.S.
Repair facilities for many makes of newer automobiles, audio and
video equipment, and household appliances are available.
Domestic Help Last Updated: 11/9/2004 9:20 AM
Many Embassy families hire part-time domestic help at an hourly
rate of approximately $8. The employer also pays transportation. It
is not easy to find qualified people for these jobs since Slovenes
consider domestic work to be part of the family responsibility. Most
domestic helpers tend to be refugees or immigrants from other
countries. There is no requirement to pay Social Security Tax for
part time domestic employees.
Parking. Parking is limited throughout the city. The majority of
residences have only street parking available, although the Embassy
will attempt to provide off-street parking when this is not included
with a residence. Public parking lots are limited and costly. There
is no parking available for private vehicles within the Embassy
grounds.
Religious Activities Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Ljubljana's churches are all Roman Catholic, except for one
Eastern Orthodox Church and one Protestant Church. Catholic services
in English or French are held Sundays at 11:00 a.m. at the
Franciscan Church in Ljubljana. The rabbi from Zagreb holds
occasional services for the tiny Jewish community in Ljubljana since
there are no functioning synagogues in the country now.
Education
Dependent Education
At Post Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
The Embassy community currently has students in two different
schools in Ljubljana--a private school founded by Quality Schools
International (QSI) and a Slovene International School sponsored by
the Ministry of Education. Instructions in both schools is in
English. QSI opened a school in Ljubljana providing an American
curriculum for children ages 4 to 13 (K-8) in September 1995.
Students who attend the QSI will easily re-enter the U.S. school
system. There are plans to establish a half-day program for 3-year
old children in the near future. School bus transportation is not
offered by any of the schools. Correspondence courses for high
school classes are available at QSI through the University of
Nebraska. The Slovene International School curriculum leads to a
baccalaureate degree. They have 70 students in their Danila Kumar
elementary school, and 50 in their Gimnazija Bezigrad (high school).
Their nursery program accepts only 15 children aged 3 and above, but
is limited to 15 children. The French school in Ljubljana accepts
students aged 3-16. With the exception of preschoolers, students are
expected to speak French fluently to enter their program. Slovenian
Childcare Centers accept foreign children for their full-day
preschools, however, instructions are entirely in Slovene.
Away From Post Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Families who choose to send their children to school away from post
will receive an allowance determined by the Office of Overseas
Schools in the Department. There are several outstanding boarding
schools in Austria and Switzerland that offer instruction in
English. Some follow an American curriculum.
Special Needs Education Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
None of the schools that offer instruction in English can
accommodate students with special education needs. Physical access
to schools is also difficult for students with disabilities.
Building codes to not reflect U.S. standards.
Higher Education Opportunities Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
The University of Ljubljana accepts enrollment of foreign
students. Generally, however, diplomatic personnel have attended
only for language instruction. Before being admitted into a special
field of study, students must take an intensive year-long Slovene
language course. Private instruction in art, music and Slovene
language can be arranged.
Recreation and Social Life
Sports Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Slovenians are very active in all forms of sports. There are
several well-equipped sports centers, many health spas, tennis
courts, swimming pools and bowling alleys throughout the country.
Membership dues to these facilities are reasonable. Spectator sports
like ice hockey, basketball and soccer are also available. Sporting
equipment can be purchased locally or through the exchange stores in
Italy.
Touring and Outdoor Activities Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Ljubljana is a skier's paradise with almost four dozen ski
resorts nearby. Mountain and hill climbing are popularly supported
through associations. The seaside is only a 2-hour drive from
Ljubljana. Swimming is also popular in the Bled and Bohinj lakes and
Krka and Kolpa rivers. Hiking and climbing are excellent both summer
and winter. Boating and windsurfing, kayaking, canoeing, and rafting
are among the most popular sports. Lake and river fishing and
hunting are excellent, but licenses are very expensive compared to
U.S. prices. Cycling is a favorite sport among all ages. A 27-hole
course at Bled, an 18-hole course at Mokrice, a 9-hole course in
Lipica, and a new layout in Rogaska Slatina offer their services to
golfers.
Entertainment Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Ljubljana enjoys a very rich cultural life. It is blessed with a
graceful Opera House which was opened in 1892 as the Provincial
Theater, as well as with several concert halls and theaters
throughout the city. Nearly 800 cultural events a year take place at
Cankarjev Dom, the national theater center composed of excellent
acoustics. Although performances by Slovenians are most prominent,
there are guest performances by philharmonic orchestras from various
European capitals and from the U.S. There are several movie theaters
where the majority of films are shown with their original sound
track and Slovene subtitles. Ljubljana also houses excellent music
clubs for jazz, rock, and pop music. Discos, bars, and pubs add to
the entertainment scene of Ljubljana. Several Slovenian TV channels
show American movies and TV shows in English.
The International Summer Festival of music, theater and dance,
held principally at the open-air theater of the Krizanke, runs from
mid-July through August.
As a university town, there is a lively student community, and a
multitude of bars and discos that cater to young people. Nightlife
is very active during the university terms, and young people can be
found gathering until the wee hours on most weekends.
Ljubljana has many museums, including a National Gallery of Art.
There are numerous smaller art galleries throughout the city,
displaying the works of Slovene artists, along with guest artists
from various countries.
In the countryside, restaurants were traditionally part of an
inn, called a gostilna. Families would gather at these charming
gostilnas for long meals, generally heavier than Americans are
accustomed to (schnitzel, sausage, and potatoes). Now there are
restaurants scattered throughout the city, including Italian,
Chinese, and Mexican. There are many pizza parlors and several
McDonald's restaurants.
Social Activities
Among Americans Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Social life among Americans is informal. Since distances are so
short to various attractive spots within and outside of Slovenia,
most people take advantage of the weekend to travel. Slovenians are
friendly and informal in their social dealings. Entertainment at
home is not very common within the Slovenian community, hence most
entertainment hosted by the Slovenians takes place in restaurants.
International Contacts Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
There is a Slovenian International Ladies Association, SILA, which
was established in 1993 for the purpose of encouraging social,
cultural and educational exchange. Membership is open to all Slovene
and foreign women for a small fee. SILA organizes regular meetings,
trips, lectures, cultural events, sports activities, language
classes, cooking lessons, an annual ball during February and the
annual charity bazaar during November.
Official Functions
Nature of Functions Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
In the summer of 2000, the U.S. Ambassador, with generous
contributions from U.S. businesses represented in Slovenia, hosted
an Independence Day reception, considered the premier diplomatic
social event of the year. All employees of the Mission, U.S. and
foreign national, and their spouses, are invited to that event. It
is likely that with the completion of the official residence, the
nature of such functions will change in the coming years. Other
official Americans and their spouses occasionally receive
invitations to receptions and/or dinners either by Slovenian
contacts or other foreign missions' representatives. The President
of Slovenia and his wife host an annual New Year's reception for
Ambassadors. The President's wife hosts an annual New Years'
reception for the female employees and spouses of the Embassy
employees.
Standards of Social Conduct Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Most officers use business cards rather than formal calling
cards. Although they can be printed locally, most employees order
cards from U.S. suppliers after arrival at post. Dress style is
almost identical to that of the U.S.
Notes For Travelers
Getting to the Post Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Travel to Ljubljana is very easy, by air, train, bus, or car from
any of the major European cities. Since no American air carrier
flies direct from the U.S. to Ljubljana, connections are made in
Vienna, Frankfurt, or Zurich. Slovene Adria Airways flies to most
major European cities. Personnel assigned to Slovenia must notify
the Embassy regarding their flight and date of arrival so that they
are met at the airport.
All shipment containers, boxes and accompanying documents should
clearly indicate consignment to:
American Embassy Ljubljana
31 Presernova
1000 Ljubljana
Slovenia
(FOR) (employee's first and last names)
Shipments, including unaccompanied baggage (UAB) and POV, must
arrive at post after the employee. Post does not have the facilities
for storage of effects. Slovene customs regulations require that the
employee be in country prior to customs clearance.
The size and weight limitations of containers are: a maximum
capacity of 9.50 cubic meters, weight 1 ton, width of 7 feet, length
of 8 feet, and height of 6 feet. Do not ship a container taller than
six feet exterior dimensions.
UAB size limitations are width and length of 3 feet and height of
4 feet. There are no weight limitations per container.
Personally owned vehicles should be routed through the port of
discharge in ELSO, Antwerp, Belgium. Marking instructions: ELSO,
Antwerp, Belgium, for forwarding to:
American Embassy Ljubljana
31 Presernova
1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
(FOR) (employee's first and last names)
Accompanying documents and a cable of notification should be
addressed to ELSO, Antwerp, Belgium with info copies to American
Embassy Ljubljana.
Customs, Duties, and Passage
Customs and Duties Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
All personnel are entitled to duty-free entry of personal effects
and a personal vehicle for each adult family member imported during
the first 6 months of their tour.
Passage Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
A valid passport is the only document needed for entry into
Slovenia. A visa is not required for American citizens who plan to
stay for less than 90 days. For those staying longer or on official
travel orders, a visa and diplomatic identification card will be
obtained after arrival at post.
No immunizations are required before entry into Slovenia.
All employees and their dependents (regardless of age), require
three passport-size photographs for issuance of MFA and military ID
cards. Photographers are available locally for express service at a
reasonable cost.
Pets Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
At least 1 week before arriving in Slovenia, the Embassy must
request permission from the Ministry of Agriculture for the animal
to enter the country. The Embassy will need copies of your pet's
shot records, which should include a certificate of rabies
vaccination. This can be faxed to the Embassy at (386-61) 200-5555.
All dogs and cats entering Slovenia must be accompanied by a
certificate of good health bearing the seal of your local board of
health and signed by a veterinarian. This certificate must be issued
not more than 10 days prior to the animal's arrival. A veterinarian
meets the animal at the airport upon arrival and checks all these
health papers before allowing entry through the customs. There is
also a 3-week in-house quarantine period. The quarantine period ends
after a stool examination and an inspection by a veterinarian. The
general level of veterinary care in Ljubljana is very good.
Firearms and Ammunition Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
Except with specific advance approval from the Embassy, no U.S.
Government personnel assigned to the Republic of Slovenia may bring
any type of firearms or ammunition into the country.
If approved, a diplomatic note shall be sent to the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs. The note must be comprised of the following:
Name and title of diplomat
Type of firearms
Serial number(s) of the firearms(s)
Date, type and point of origin
Firearms and ammunition may also be imported for hunting
purposes. In this case a diplomatic note must be sent to the Foreign
Ministry. Diplomats entering Slovenia must possess a
license/certificate for carrying hunting weapons. An invitation of
the hunting organization is not necessary.
Currency, Banking, and Weights and Measures Last Updated:
2/28/2003 6:00 PM
The official currency unit of the Republic of Slovenia is the
tolar, abbreviated "SIT," which is divided into denominations of
10,000, 5,000, 1,000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, and 10, with coins in
denominations of 5, 2, and 1 SIT. The currency is relatively stable,
with current exchange rates of approximately US$1=SIT245.
The Embassy cashier is open for accommodation exchange Monday
through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon. The limit in check
cashing per employee per day is $500 and $1,000 per week, with a
minimum check amount of $50.
Embassy personnel have been able to open checking accounts with
certain banks in Slovene, notably Volksbank of Austria. These
accounts are required in order to receive Value Added Tax (VAT)
rebates from the government. However, the growing presence of ATM
machines that accept Cirrus and/or Plus System cards from the U.S.
means that Embassy staff and foreign visitors alike can get Solvene
tolars (SIT) around the clock.
Major credit cards are increasingly accepted, as more and more
establishments obtain permission to use them.
The metric system of weights and measures is used.
Taxes, Exchange, and Sale of Property Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00
PM
It is not permitted to sell imported goods unless they have been
in the country for three years. Otherwise, all taxes and customs
duties must be paid. Items valued at more than 15,000 SIT may be
purchased locally tax-free after submission of the proper paperwork.
Payment of tax refunds takes approximately three months.
Recommended Reading Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
These titles are provided as an indication of the material
published on Slovenia. The Department of State does not recognize
unofficial publications.
Anderlic, Joze and Zadnikar, Marjan (trans. Danica Dolenc).
Religious Art in Slovenia. (Koper: Ognjisce, 1986)
Arnez, John A. Slovenia in European Affairs: Reflections on
Slovenian Political History. (1958)
Arnez, John A. Slovenian Lands and Their Economies, 1848-1873.
(1983)
Banac, Ivo. The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History
and Politics. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984)
Benderly, Jill and Kraft, Evan (eds.). Independent Slovenia:
Origins, Movements, Prospects. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994)
Barker, Thomas M. (with Andreas Moritsch). The Slovene Minority
in Carinthia. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984)
Burkhardt, Francois; Eveno, Claudio; and Podrecca, Boris (eds.).
Joze Plecnik, Architect: 1872-1957. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT
Press, 1989).
Fallon, Steve, Slovenia a Lonely Planet travel survival kit (The
best and only English travel guide to Slovenia.)
Gelt, Draga. The Slovenians from the Earliest Times. (Victoria,
Australia: Coordinating Committee of Slovenian Organizations, 1985)
Gow, James and Carmichael, Cathie. Slovenia and the Slovenes.
Hafner, Danica Fink. Making a New Nation.
Hall, Brian. The Impossible Country: Journey Through the Last
Days of Yugoslavia.
Harriman, Helga. Slovenia Under Nazi Occupation 1941-1945. (New
York and Washington: Studia Slovenica, 1977
Hocevar, Toussaint. The Economic History of Slovenia, 1828-1918.
(New York: Society for Slovene Studies Documentation Series, No. 4,
1978)
Joze Plecnik, 1872-1957: Architecture and the City. (Oxford:
Oxford Polytechnic - Urban Design, 1983)
Kuhar, Aloysius L. The Conversion of the Slovenes and the
German-Slav Ethnic Boundary in the Eastern Alps. (New York and
Washington: Studia Slovenica, 1959)
Kuhar, Aloysius L. Slovene Medieval History: Selected Studies.
(New York and Washington: Studia Slovenica, 1962)
Lencek, Rado L. The Structure and History of the Slovene
Language. (Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers, 1982
Loncar, Dragotin (translated by Anthony Klancar). The Slovenes: A
Social History (From the Earliest Times to 1910). (Cleveland:
Jugoslav Printing and Publishing Co., 1939)
Menase, Lev (ed.). Art Treasures of Slovenia. (Belgrade:
Jugoslovenska revija, 1981). Treasure Chest of Slovenia. (Ljubljana:
Cankarjeva zalozba/Mladinska knjiga, 1988).
Novak, Bodgan. Trieste, 1941-54: The Ethnic, Political, and
Ideological Struggle. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970)
Silber, Laura. Death of Yugoslovia.
Singleton, Fred. A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples.
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)
Slovene Studies. (Scholarly journal, published annually in
English since 1979)
Slovenia Business Report. (Monthly magazine) (Ljubljana:
Gospodarski vestnik)
Slovenia for Everyone. Ljubljana: Government Public Relations and
Media Office (1993).
Slovenija. (Quarterly magazine) (Ljubljana: Slovenska izseljenska
matica)
Stele, France (ed.). Slovene Impressionists. (St. Paul,
Minnesota: Control Data Arts; Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1980)
Thompson, Mark. A Paper House: The Ending of Yugoslavia. New
York: Pantheon (1993)
Tollefson, James. The Language Situation and Language Policy in
Slovenia. (Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1981)
West, Rebecca. Black Lamb and Grey Falcon.
Winner, Irene. A Slovenian Village: Zerovnica. (Providence, Rhode
Island: Brown University (Press, 1971). Conceptions and Strategy of
the Development of Education: Education Modernization Programme in
Republic Slovenia until 2000. (Ljubljana: Zavod republike Slovenije
za solstvo, May 1990)
Local Holidays Last Updated: 2/28/2003 6:00 PM
The following Slovenian holidays are observed:
New Year's Holidays January 1 and 2
Slovenian Cultural Day February 8
Easter Monday March/April
Resistance Day April 27
Labor Day Holidays May 1 and 2
Whitsunday May 25 (Varies)
Slovenian National Day June 25
Assumption Day August 15
Reformation Day October 31
All Saints Day November 1
Christmas Day December 25
Slovenian Independence Day December 26
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